Project Reports

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A Case Study On BAU Panel System In Fast Track Construction Technology
(2015-12-29T11:03:57Z) Channa Basaveshwar, HT; Pradosh, Banerjee; Harsha, R; Shuchith, HM
Prefabricated construction has been most common construction method; the concept of fast track construction in the most economical way has not changed since the beginning. However, new technologies have been developed to suit the modern world prefabricated construction. The main aim of this project is to create awareness about the bau panel technology and to implement the same. A case study involving construction of G+1 quarters at two areas in Bangalore namely (Police quarters, Adugodi) and (Fire Officers Quarters, Rajajinagar) has been undertaken for studying the construction process using bau panel technology and to compare its cost with conventional construction technique. Analysis for both techniques has been executed using ETABS software.
Partial Replacement Of Silica Fume With Cement In Concrete
(2015-12-29T11:09:40Z) Khumanand, Sarma; Rahul, Jha; Himanshu, Gautam; Roshan Sing, CH
Studies on the performance of cementitious products with silica fume (SF) are very important, as it is one of the inevitable additives to produce high-performance concrete (HPC). In this study, some experimental investigations on the influence of SF on fresh and hardened state of concrete are reported. The properties included specific gravity of cement and workability of concrete with different Silica Fume contents. Further, strength developments in compression and tension in hardened concrete have also been studied at various Silica Fume contents. Silica Fume was varied from 0% to 20% at a constant increment 5% by weight of cement. Test results show that the SF changes the behavior of concrete significantly. It has been observed that the water–binder (w/b) (cement + SF) ratio seemed to play an important role for the performance of the products with higher SF contents. The early age hydration reactions of C3A and C3S increase with the addition of SF. The workability of concrete decrease as the Silica Fume content increases. Whereas the compressive strength and tensile strength shows increase as the increase in content of Silica Fume.
Systematic Development Of High Strength Concrete Using Engineered Coarse Aggregate And to Study The Effect Of Steel Fiber On Concrete.
(2015-12-29T11:14:35Z) Rehman, PB; Siddanna G, Koodi; Venkatashiva Reddy, M; Vinay, AC
Concrete mix design has become the important activity in the field of construction. Traditional concrete mix has been altered with supplementary cementitious materials as they result in several improvements in the strength and durability parameters also due to overall economy An effort has been made to study the behavior of cement concrete component materials added with admixtures, here chemical admixture master Glenium SKY 8233 is used it is different from tradition superplasticizers, unique mechanism of action that greatly improves the effectiveness of cement dispersion and mineral admixture Alccofine is used as a high range water reducer to improve compressive strength or as a super workability aid to improve flow The main aim of this project work is to systematic development of high strength concrete using engineered coarse aggregate, mineral and chemical admixtures with maximum cement content 450 kg/m3 and maximum water cement ratio 0.45 and less as per IS 456-2000, study the effect of steel fibers on enhancement of strain energy in the concrete. Concrete using above admixtures with regular ingredients. The water content ratio has been reduced because of addition of admixture. Cement concrete cubes, cylinders and beams were casted and tested for compressive strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength. From this studies it is found that water cement ratio plays a vital role in HSC Mix design. Addition of Alccofine improves the compressive strength of concrete at all ages. Flexural strength obtained with admixture is significantly higher than without admixtures added to concrete mix, the split tensile test on HSC showed that the improvement of tensile strength. Water permeability test conducted on concrete to measure the resistance to penetration of water by Dins permeability standard. This project report is presented in five chapters. First chapter gives the introduction to High Strength Concrete [HSC]. Second chapter gives brief study on currently available literature regarding HSC. Third chapter gives experimental program-methodology followed for the conduction of various tests. The fourth chapter gives the detailed results and discussions and Conclusions are presented in fifth chapter.
Study Of Performance Of Cement Mortar By Partial Replacement Of Cement Using Rice Husk Ash.
(2015-12-29T11:24:58Z) Aindrila, Biswas; Grishama, Ravindradas; Mousumi, Niogi; Subhadeep, Sengupta
The cost of cement is going high day by day due to unavailability of limestone. Also cement manufacturing has a significant impact on the environment. It produces CO2 which is a major greenhouse gas. Rice husk ash is one of the promising pozzolonic material with high percentage of silica. Another beneficial factor is that the issue of disposal of the husk is solved. Rice husk ash gives better results when the particles are equal or finer than cement particles. Rice husk ash can be used in building construction in rural areas where availability of rice husk is in plenty. RHA is obtained from the burning of rice husk (outer covering of paddy) in parboiling plants. It has to be grounded before use. In this project we have used RHA as a partial replacement of cement. First initial testing of materials were done. The initial tests performed were specific gravity of cement, sand and RHA. Also initial and final setting time test was done. Normal consistency test was also performed. Physical and chemical analysis was done for RHA. Cement and RHA were taken in different percentages and tests were done to see the variation. We have used cement mortar cubes for strength testing and testing other properties. The cubes were of size 70.6 mm x 70.6 mm x 70.6 mm. The strength was checked after 7 days and 28 days. On hardened mortar cubes compressive strength test, water absorption test and density test were performed. The normal consistency values showed an increase with the increase of RHA
Comparative Study Of Conventional Concrete With The Replacement Of OPC With GGBS As Mineral Admixture Using Chemical Admixture
(2015-12-29T11:30:24Z) Gatham S, Sogalkar; Prajwal Joshua, Jose; Roopitha, Angeline
The project presents the usage of Mineral admixtures (GGBS) and chemical admixtures (Poly Carboxylic Ether, Sulphonated Napthalene Formaldehyde and Glenium) with the replacement of OPC and comparing the same with the conventional concrete for the determination of strength parameters of concrete, of the three used chemical admixtures such as PCE, SNF and Glenium. A lot of research has been done on replacement of OPC with GGBS. However the amount of research conducted on replacement of both GGBS and chemical admixtures are quite less. In this project, comparing Compressive Strength of concrete with the replacement of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as Mineral Admixture of 60%, 70% and 80% of Cement in concrete and Poly Carboxylic Ether (PCE), Sulphonated Napthalene Formaldehyde (SNF) and Glenium at varying proportions. 1. Compressive Strength – 72 No. of cubes of 150mm*150mm*150mm. ( 2 cubes each for 3 days, 7days , 28 days curing period for 12 design mixes ) 2. Split Tensile Strength - 24 No. of cylinders of 150mm*300mm ( 2 cylinders each for 28 days curing for 12 design mixes )
Study On The Properties Of Road Pavement Using Waste Plastic In Road Construction
(2015-12-29T11:37:42Z) Kasturi, Kalita; Naveen, Singh; Riya, Jain; Saket, Sing
Due to increasing demand in highway construction, scientists and researchers are constantly trying to improve the performance of bitumen pavement. Asphalt concretes are widely used in pavements. Bitumen is the naturally occurring byproduct of crude oil. Due to increase in vehicles in recent years the road surfaces have been exposed to high traffic resulting in deformation of pavements due to excessive stress. Permanent deformation happens when pavement does not have sufficient stability, improper compaction and insufficient Pavement strength. Due to this increased usage of plastic the disposal of plastic has been difficult. Some studies say that 10million tones of plastic are produced in India and only 2million tones of plastic waste are recycled. Plastics have to be disposed or else it will be hazardous to nature and environment. The main objective of the project is to provide tools to evaluate and to improve the properties of pavement using waste plastic such that it may be more confidently employed in roadways and driveways.
Experimental And Analytical Work On Reinforced And Unreinforced Hollow Concrete Block Masonry Wall.
(2015-12-29T11:44:15Z) Ashwin, CP; Manoj Kumar, VK; Prasanna Kumar, M; Abhisheka, HL
Load bearing masonry has been one of the most commonly adopted type of construction since hundreds of years. Basically load bearing masonry is configured/designed to be stabled and later checked for strength. However the modern masonry construction, which adopts engineered blocks, is designed to withstand a combination of loads by virtue of reinforcement and grout concrete. It is important to evaluate the load carrying capacity, especially the axial load carrying capacity. In such cases, in this project work an attempt has been made to evaluate the load carrying capacity of “Reinforced Hollow Concrete Block Masonry” through experiment on full scale walls. The investigation includes the comparison of load carrying capacity (strength) of unreinforced Hollow concrete block masonry and reinforced hollow concrete block masonry. An attempt has also been made to evaluate the relative performance by analytical methods for which Finite Element Analysis and Mechanics Based Analysis has been employed. Prior to the test on full scale walls all the basic strength and elastic properties of masonry and its constituents has been studied. Based on the experimental and analytical studies it has been found that the efficiency of masonry with Engineered Hollow Concrete Block [EHCB], the relatively better than that with conventional block. Expectedly the load carrying capacity of reinforced hollow concrete block masonry is much higher than that of unreinforced hollow concrete block masonry, although the amount of reinforcement is only marginal. An important outcome of this project is that hollow concrete block masonry with nominal reinforcement and nominal grade of concrete is structurally efficient for load bearing masonry with the wall strength being close to 8MPa. This project report is presented in five chapters first chapter gives the introduction, review of literature, followed by objectives and scope of work, the methodology is also outlined in this chapter. Second chapter gives the strength and elastic property of masonry and its constituents. The third chapter gives the details of full-scale wall test carried out on URM and RM wall. The fourth chapter gives the details of analytical works and summary of results are presented in the fifth chapter.
Effect of Fly Ash and GGBS on the Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete
(2016-06-22T11:22:51Z) Anudeep, Kumar; Arun, Kumar; Ashoka, GP; Mohan, Reddy
The development of the roller-compacted concrete (RCC) technology in the 1980s is considered by many as a significant breakthrough in the construction industry. RCC is now commonly used all around the world for the construction of dams and pavements, and for the rehabilitation of existing structures. This report is generated to collect state-of-the-art information on general definition, detailed history, development, various applications possible with RCC, Materials mixture proportioning, properties, design considerations, construction, and RCC related literature reviews are covered. Various literature and presentation referred to study more parameters which may impact feasibility, economy, impacts and quality parameters. In India, roller compacted concrete technology adopted by Irrigation Department, Government of Maharashtra, demonstration of RCC technology through construction of three dams. All three dams are working satisfactorily and encouraged by their performance and savings five more dam are being undertaken using this technology.
Extensive Survey Project Report
(2016-06-22T11:41:44Z) Sanath, Joshi; Santosh, Pattar; Sanju, Kumar; Shanil, P; Shivaprasad; Shreekant, Reddy; Somaprasanth, Reddy; Sulthan, M; Arvind; Manideep, B
This extensive survey project is conducted to acquire a practical knowledge and applications of theory and overcome the difficulties that could arise in field during surveying. We also learn the use of different survey instrument and to develop the te spirit at work. It also helps to develop the confidence in handling of survey project. A extensive survey project camp is usually arranged for civil engineering students. We conducted survey for a new tank project, water supply scheme, highway project old tank project. With this motive survey camp was arranged with the help of our lecturers at Ghati village, Doddaballapura Taluk, Bangalore Rural District which is 60km away from Bangalore We were able to finish the survey works under guidance of our faculties and the knowledge gained by us in our course of study.
Effect of Flyash on Stregnth Properties Offoam Concrete
(2016-06-22T11:51:26Z) Harsha, M; Prajwal, N; Amarnath, Manvi
There have been several investigations in the past on the influence of mixture composition on the properties of foam concrete. Conventionally strength is related to density alone and few model have been developed relating strength with density, porosity, gel–spaceratio, etc. Very little work has been reported in the literature in predicting the properties of foam concrete from the knowledge of itsmixture proportions. This paper discusses the development of empirical models for compressive strength and density of foam concretethrough statistically designed experiments. The response surface plots helps in visually analysing the influence of factors on the responses.The relative influence of fly ash replacement on strength and density of foam concrete is studied by comparing it with mixes without fly ash and brought out that replacement of fine aggregate with fly ash will help in increase in the strength of foam concrete at lower densitiesallowing high strength to density ratio. Confirmatory tests have shown that the relation developed by statistical treatment of experimental results can act as a guideline in the mixture proportion of foam concrete
Study Of Geopolymer Concrete Using Flyash and GGBS
(2016-06-22T12:00:06Z) Prateek, Sharan; Amit, Kumar; Sushmita, Ravi; Shubham, Rewar
Concrete is one of the fundamental materials in civil engineering especially structural industries. The purpose of this project is to experimentally investigate the effect of geopolymer concrete by replacing cement. In our project low calcium flyash based geopolymer concrete is provided. In this concretic geopolymer cement is used instead of ordinary portland cement, which is obtained from the reaction of low calcium flyash with the alkaline solution i.e. sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate.This project constitutes of testing of the geopolymer concrete cube containing varying proportion of Fly Ash and GGBS for different periods of curing. Thus, after accumulating all the materials, the molding of the samples for the longest curing period (say 28 days) is done first and kept for curing. Consecutively, the samples are then moulded for intermediate curing periods (say 28 days, 14 days and 7 days) and tested accordingly. The construction industry is in demand of ecofriendly & greener materials which are durable.As compared to the existing concrete materials fly ash is advantageous but its uses as tested against strength & durability needs to be confirmed. The project work emphasis on the research & development activity in construction materials using fly ash with geopolymers.
An Experimental Investigation on Black Cotton Soil Reinforced with Coir Fibres
(2016-06-22T12:32:48Z) Raja, Vivek; Bibek, Thapa; Amit KUmar, Yadav; Rahul
Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. It is a mineral matter formed by the disintegration of rocks due to action of water, frost, temperature, pressure or by plant or animal life. The term „soil‟ has different connotations for scientists belonging to different disciplines. The definition given to a soil by an agriculturist or a geologist is different from the one used by a civil engineer. For a civil engineer, soils mean all naturally occurring, relatively unconsolidated earth material- organic or inorganic in character that lies above the bedrock. According to Terzaghi, soils can be broken down into their constituent particles relatively easily, such as by agitation in water.
An Experimental Investigation on Black Cotton Soil Stablized with RBI Grade-81
(2016-06-22T12:50:56Z) Nayeem, Ahmad Bhat; Sufiyan, Junaidi; Mohd., Ismail; Anmol, Bharadwaj
Nowadays, the pavements are subjected to premature failures in the form of rutting and fatigue failure. These failures are mainly attributed to increasing traffic. Heavy commercial vehicles carrying load more than the prescribed legal limit also causes severe damage to the pavements. The life of pavement also depends of strength of soil sub grade. In general, soil having CBR value less than 3% is considered as poor and is not suitable for construction. Sometimes it is not possible to avoid those types of soil during construction. One such soil is expansive soil. Expansive soils undergo significant volume change i.e., swelling and shrinkage due to changes in water content. These soils are encountered in different locations in India which vary in geological origin and swelling characteristics. Many damages have been observed to light structures and pavements due to the expansive nature of these soils. Several methods such as mechanical stabilization, chemical stabilization, additive stabilization, etc. are in practice to arrest the effects of expansive pavement sub grade. In this study, black cotton soil was considered for investigation and RBI-81 i.e., Road Building International (RBI) Grade 81 was chosen for improving the strength of the selected soil. RBI-81 is a powder composed of a number of naturally occurring compounds. It improves the structural properties of a wide range of soils. It is particularly effective with silty-clayey soil with low geo-mechanical qualities. RBI Grade 81 works by hydration reaction. The soil was tested for its index properties, compaction and strength characteristics. All the tests were carried out as per relevant IS codes. Different percentages of RBI-81 were considered to stabilize the selected soil i.e., 2%, 4% and 6%. The compaction and strength characteristics of the stabilized soil with the selected additive percentages were examined. A series of unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on unstabilized and RBI-81 stabilized samples under both Unsoaked and soaked conditions. Curing periods of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days were considered. From the unconfined compression test results the optimum dosage for RBI-81 was determined in order to achieve 400kPa strength with 7 days curing period which is a prerequisite for sub grade soil. At this optimum additive content, CBR was determined. The effect of RBI-81 on the strength characteristics of the selected soil and optimum additive content will be reported. The effect of varied percentages curing period on strength characteristics will be reported. Also, the effect of RBI-81 stabilization on volume stability of the selected soil will be reported. In this work, one such weak soil called black cotton soil was stabilized with different percentages of RBI – 81. The consistency limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, free swell index and CBR of soil – RBI 81 mixture were evaluated. With the addition of RBI – 81, the plasticity index and free swell index were found to be reduced and CBR was found to be increased. Addition of RBI – 81 resulted in slight reduction in the maximum dry unit weight. The unconfined comprehensive strength of RBI – 81 treated black cotton soil was found to be increased with % of RBI – 81 and curing period.
Study on Addition of Sodium Silicate and Replacement by Silica Fume in Concrete to Achieve High Early Strength
(2016-06-22T13:08:36Z) Kuenley, Gyaltshen; Paogoumang L, Khongsai; Prabin Kumar, Bhatt; Nani, Apang
Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. The successful usage of concrete is because of its versatility as can be designed to withstand harshest environments while taking on the most inspirational forms. Engineers and scientists are further trying to increase its limits with the help of innovative chemical admixtures and various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Early SCMs consisted of natural, readily available materials like volcanic ash or diatomaceous earth. The engineering marvels like Roman aqueducts, the Coliseum are examples of this technique used by Greeks and Romans. Nowadays, most concrete mixture contains supplementary cementitious material which forms part of the cementitious component. These materials are majority by-products from other processes. The main benefits of SCMs are their ability to replace certain amount of cement and still able to display cementitious property, thus reducing the cost of using Portland cement. The fast growth in industrialization has resulted in tons and tons of byproduct or waste materials, which can be used as SCMs such as fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag etc. The use of these by products not only helps to utilize these waste materials but also enhances the properties of concrete in fresh and hydrated states.
Partial Replacement of River Sand by Steel Slag and Cement by Quarry Dust
(2016-06-22T13:17:55Z) Brillian, D; Rakesh Kumar, E; Rajath, H R; Sandesh, D'souza
Natural aggregates are becoming increasingly scarce and their production and shipment is becoming more difficult along with this, Waste management is one of the most common and challenging problems in the world. The steel making industry has generated substantial solid waste. Steel slag is a residue obtained in steel making operation. Steel slag, which is considered as the solid waste pollutant, can be used for road construction, clinker raw materials, filling materials, etc. In this work, Steel slag is used as replacement for sand, which is also a major component in concrete mixture. Most of the volume of concrete is aggregates. Replacing all or some portion of natural aggregates with steel slag would lead to considerable environmental benefits. This paper deals with the implementation of Steel slag as an effective replacement for sand. Studies on compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength would be made with the optimum percentage of 75% of steel slag replacement with river sand. Quarry dust a waste from the stone crushing unit accounts 25% of the final product from stone crushing unit. This quarry dust which is released directly into environment can cause environmental pollution. To reduce the impact of the quarry dust on environment and human, this waste can be used to produce new products or can be used as admixture in concrete so that the natural resources are used efficiently and hence environmental waste can be reduced. Here quarry dust is used for partial replacement of cement in concrete for studying the strength property of concrete. The aim of the experiment is to find the maximum content of quarry dust partial replacement of cement in concrete. The percentages of quarry dust partial replacement of cement in concrete are 0, 5%,10%, 15% and 20% for M40 grade concrete.
A Study on Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Metakaolin and Flyash and River Sand by Artificial Sand
(2016-06-22T13:23:31Z) Bharath, K J; Girish, Nayak; Ranjith, N; Prajwal, D
The present report deals with the effects of mineral admixtures, by partial replacement of cement with Metakaolin and Flyash, in terms of improved performance on Compressive and Split Tensile strength. Experimental work was carried out to investigate the effect of replacing cement with Metakaolin and Flyash partially and keeping same water cement ratio to ordinary concrete. In this program, 45cubes of size 150mmx150mmx150mm and 45 cylinders of size of diameter 150mm and length of 300mm, were cast and tested for different replacement percentages of cement with Metakaolin and Flyash. The concrete mixes had 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of Metakaolin and 15% of flyash replacing cement partially, and complete replacement of river sand with manufactured sand so as to determine the best proportion, which would give relatively high compressive and split tensile strength. It was found that concrete mix having cement replaced partially with 15% Meta kaolin & 15% Flyash & having river sand completely replaced with manufactured sand was superior to other mixes that were investigated.
Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete
(2016-06-22T13:28:05Z) Amit Kumar, Pal; Ashishkumar, P S
plain concrete possess very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking .Internal micro cracks are inherently present in concrete and its poor tensile strength is due to propagation of such micro cracks. Fibres when added in certain percentage in the concrete improve the strain properties well as crack resistance, ductility, as flexure strength and toughness. Mainly the studies and research in fiber reinforced concrete has been devoted to steel fibers. In recent times, glass fibres have also become available, which are free from corrosion problem associated with steel fibres. The present paper outlines the experimental investigation conducts on the use of glass fibres with structural concrete. CEM-FILL anti crack, high dispersion, alkali resistance glass fibre of diameter 14 micron, having an aspect ratio 857 was employed in percentages , varying from 0.33 to1 percentage by weight in concrete and the properties of this FRC (fibre reinforced concrete) like compressive strength, flexure strength, toughness, modulus of elasticity were studied.
A Case Study of Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bellandur Lake Water
(2016-06-22T13:33:35Z) Aditya, Barrela; Piyush, Bazimaya; Subhash, Adhikari; Ngehang, Nogbi
Most lake pollution problems are caused by nutrients, contaminants, and sediments carried into the lakes. Soil particles carry more than 90 percent of the organic nitrogen and phosphorus originating from upland agricultural practices (Wilkin and Hebel, 1982). Sediments come from all over the land and thus have nonpoint sources, whereas nutrients can have both nonpoint and point sources. In a typical watershed, nutrients may come from sewage, wastewater, agricultural and urban runoff, and atmospheric fallout. In recent years, heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides and high rates of soil erosion have increased the severity of the problem. High concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are the main causes of algal growth, which results in the deterioration of the lake water quality. Algae have a very high growth potential, many times more than any land-based plant system, and respond quickly to nutrient inputs which act as fertilizers. Water pollution has been a major issue as water forms an important component of our day-to-day activity. Excess nutrients either from sewage discharge, industrial discharge or agricultural runoff add to the imbalance in the dynamics of water quality. Bellandur Lake occupies 4.8% of city area and maximum sewage entering the lake is 600 MLD.
Comprehensive Study of G+3 RCC Framed Structure Under Wind or Earthquake Loads Using Design and Analysis Software
(2017-08-16T10:28:12Z) Aditya, Joshy; Lokesh, K; Mohammed Tariq, Munner
The present-day world is witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult structural engineering works. The concept and approach towards the analysis of design of structures is totally redefined with the application of new structural aid software‟s such as Etabs and STAAD. The time affective and economic advantages of these softwares are distinct from conventional and manual methods of analysis and design. In the current project titled “COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF G+3 RCC FRAMED STRUCTURE UNDER WIND/EARTHQUAKE LOADS USING DESIGN &ANALYSIS SOFTWARE”. A sincere attempt is made to design a multi-story residential building using Etabs and STAAD and by doing so an attempt is made to understand the behavior of the building as a whole rather than the behavior of the individual structural member. The main objective of this project is to design multi-storey building (G+3) under wind/earthquake loads by using software. Software used in this project are AutoCAD for planning and drafting, ETABS for analysing, designing and check, STAAD Pro for analysing, designing and check, Pre Programmed Excel Sheets with SP16 for comparison and most efficient result which will be produced in a excel sheet. In the developing county, this project has higher market value as to carry out manually calculation of each component slab, beam and columns is difficult and time consuming & by using high efficient software we can reduce design time and complete project in early time. In construction and real state, time is money which results in saving large amount of money.
Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste
(2017-08-16T10:33:16Z) Ajay Kumar, Koyalmudo; Nikhil, S; Avinash, P
The project is based on the recycling of the rapidly increasing construction and demolition waste. Through this process we want to take a step ahead, the idea of stopping illegal sand mining, earth excavation and ultimately save our mother Earth from destruction. The cost of recycled sand and aggregates is lower than conventional aggregates and sand, resulting in reduction of overall construction cost. Our primary aim is to study in depth about the different properties of construction and demolition waste, perform various tests, so that the recycling processes can be designed accordingly for optimum efficiency. On the basis of these test results and projections we will get a rough estimation about the total quantity of recycled aggregate and recycled sand that can be obtained. Further with the help of the obtained recycled material we intend to use in construction based on their properties which will in turn be less costly as well. These recycled materials and products made from it are economical without any considerable change in the strength and durability aspect. Not only the cost effectiveness but it will also be aesthetically pleasing.

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