2015-16

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http://172.16.1.132:4000/handle/123456789/6119

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Accident Avoidance Based on Alcohol Detection
(2016-08-08T08:50:59Z) Surya Kiran, D V; Milen S, Parameshwar; Jefson E, George
This system is aimed at making vehicle driving safer than before. This is implemented using Arduino. We have derived the driver’s condition in real time environment and we propose the detection of alcohol using alcohol detector connected to Arduino such that when the level of alcohol crosses a permissible limit, and the GPS module will capture the present location of the vehicle. Also the GSM module will automatically send distress message to police or family members.
ARM 7 Based Finger Print Authentication System
(2016-08-08T06:23:06Z) Uma, Mageshwari P; Varalakshmi, S; Shivakumar, MG
This project demonstrate the finger print authentication system. Fingerprint recognition is one of the most well-known popular techniques used in biometrics. Fingerprint sensor is the main part of this system. This project makes use of Biometric sensor to detect fingerprint. It is also called as Biometric sensor. Fingerprint sensor uses various types of techniques like ultrasonic method, optical method or thermal technique. In this project we have used optical fingerprint sensor. It can be used at many places like Industries, Offices etc. This project is a fine combination of Biometrics technology and embedded system technology. Fingerprint sensor is the main part of this system. It is also called as Biometric sensor. The main purpose of this project is to provide high level of security for some important places or some restricted areas. In this project first we need to register the person whom we want to give access to enter inside. During registration the person’s finger print’s template along with respective ID of that person is stored in memory. When the person who is registered before want to get access, his finger print is scanned and compared with the stored finger prints, if the match is found the respective ID and name is displayed in 16*2 LCD display. After when the person is authenticated the light gets turn on and the door opens and the message is sent to the respective office through GSM.
ARM7 Based Multilevel Security For ATM Access Using Fingerprint Moduleand GSM Technology
(2016-08-08T08:42:02Z) Naveen, TG; Shankar, NM; Abhishek, S
Identification and verification of a person today is a common thing; which may include door-lock system, safe box and vehicle control or even at accessing bank accounts via ATM, etc which is necessary for securing personal information. There is need for improve security in ATM transactions. Due to tremendous increase in the number of criminals and their activities, the ATM has become insecure. ATM systems today use an access card and PIN for identity verification. The Personal Verification Number (PIN) only not gives good security. The fingerprint is unique and cannot duplicate by others. This system combines the pin verification and fingerprint recognition technology for identification. With fingerprint recognition technology and pin verification we embedded the GSM modem connected to the microcontroller generates the 4 digit one time password and it send to the main user mobile number when the user (main user or nominee user) enrols his fingerprint. The fingerprint of the nominee and the card holder are collected and stored in the database. Every fingerprint which enrols is check by the db. The 4digit one time password should be entered by pressing the keys on the touch screen. After enter all the correct information customer can begin the further transaction. We also proposed nominees fingerprint identification process while actual card holder unable to do the transactions.
Bluetooth Controlled Solar Car
(2016-08-08T07:06:34Z) Kishan, Chandh RC; Joydeep, Guha; Nikhil, Naresh
Nowadays, we are experiencing an electricity scarcity. We are also experiencing a hike in fuel prices considerably, it's bound to go on as time pass by as soon we will be shortage of fuel too. Man has to focus and innovate on eco-friendly methods of transportation. We have to switch to an electric or a solar mobility system. Our project is one of a kind which is using the sun's energy for its movement, the solar car is controlled wirelessly through a mobile phone, or tablet. Commands are then sent through a Bluetooth. The microcontroller interprets the commands and later moves the car accordingly. The driving mechanism for the user is apparently simple. The mobile phone display screen through which controls are sent are arranged as a gaming console.
Carbon Monoxide Dectection System
(2016-07-12T11:22:29Z) Manu, M; Nikhil, Joseph; Mohammed Al, Imam.H
This system is aimed at making vehicle a much more eco friendly by checking for CO presence from the exhaust tip. This is implemented using Arduino. We propose the detection of Carbon Monoxide using a CO detector connected to Arduino such that when there is presence of Carbon Monoxide, and the system now measures the distance covered there-after and locks the ignition after few KMs have been covered. Also the GSM module will automatically inform the concerned authority.
Comparative Study of Loss-Less & Lossy Images Compression
(2016-08-23T10:21:08Z) Sasngeetha, M; Garlapati Prudvi Charan, M; Sagar Simha, K T
With the wide use of computers and consequently need for large scale storage and transmission of data, efficient ways of storing data have become necessary. With the growth of technology and entrance into the Digital Age, the world has found itself amid a vast amount of information. Dealing with such enormous information can often present difficulties. The purpose of data compression is to make a file smaller by minimizing the amount of data present. When a file is compressed, it can be reduced to as little as 25% of its original. It is done to reduce the amount of space it takes to save the data wherever the data is stored and also makes it better to send through the internet if the files are large. Many files can be combined into one compressed document making it easier. Image compression is minimizing the size in bytes of a graphics file without degrading the quality of the image to an unacceptable level. The reduction in file size allows more images to be stored in a given amount of disk or memory space. It also reduces the time required for images to be sent over the Internet or downloaded from Web pages. JPEG is an important techniques used for image compression. JPEG image compression standard uses Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). It is a fast transform. It is a widely used and robust method for image compression. It has excellent compaction for highly correlated data. DCT has fixed basis images. It gives good compromise between information packing ability and computational complexity. Compressing an image is significantly different than compressing raw binary data. Of course, general purpose compression programs can be used to compress images, but the result is less than optimal. DCT has been widely used in signal processing of the image. The one-dimensional DCT is useful in processing one-dimensional signals such as speech waveforms. For analysis of two- dimensional (2D) signals such as images, we need a 2D version of the DCT data, especially in coding for compression, for its near-optimal performance. With the use of digital cameras, requirements for storage, manipulation, and transfer of digital images has grown explosively. These image files can be very large and can occupy a lot of memory. A gray scale image that is 256 x 256 pixels has 65, 536 elements to store, and a typical 640 x 480 color image has nearly a million. Downloading of these files from internet can be very time consuming task.
Content – Aware Dark Image Enhancement Through Channel Division
(2016-07-12T10:52:52Z) Vasanthi, D; Swathi, S
The current contrast enhancement algorithms occasionally result in artifacts, over enhancement, and unnatural effects in the processed images. These drawbacks increase for images taken under poor illumination conditions. In this paper, we propose a content-aware algorithm that enhances dark images, sharpens edges, reveals details in textured regions, and preserves the smoothness of flat regions. The algorithm produces an ad hoc transformation for each image, adapting the mapping functions to each image’s characteristics to produce the maximum enhancement. We analyze the contrast of the image in the boundary and textured regions, and group the information with common characteristics. These groups model the relations within the image, from which we extract the transformation functions. The results are then adaptively mixed, by considering the human vision system characteristics, to boost the details in the image. Results show that the algorithm can automatically process a wide range of image e.g., mixed shadow and bright areas, outdoor and indoor lighting, and face images without introducing artifacts, which is an improvement over many existing methods.
Design and Implementation of Low Power PLL in 0.18 CMOS Technology Using Custom Design Approach
(2016-08-23T10:40:15Z) Rakesh, Sukumaran; Vishal, Ramdurg; Madhu Kumar, H R
Contemporary digital systems use clocks for sequencing their operations and for synchronizing between different functional units. Phase locked-loops (PLLs) are widely used in order to generate well-timed on-chip clocks to be used in high-performance digital systems. A PLL is a closed loop system that locks the phase of its output signal to an input reference signal. PLLs are widely used in radio, computer and telecommunications systems where it is necessary to stabilize a generated signal or to detect incoming signals. PLL is a simple negative feedback architecture that allows economic multiplication of crystal frequencies by large variable numbers. By studying the loop components and their reaction to various noise sources, it can be shown that PLL is uniquely suited for generation of stable, low noise tunable RF signals for radio, timing and wireless applications.
Design and Implementation of RCA, CLA and CSA for Performance Optimization
(2016-07-13T04:28:43Z) Akhil, P; Neema, K; Rakesh, V
VLSI adders are critically important in digital designs since they are utilized in ALUs, memory addressing, cryptography, and floating-point units. Since adders are often responsible for setting the minimum clock cycle time in a processor, they can be critical to any improvements seen at the VLSI level. Adders are the main parts of processing circuits and play an important role in all mathematical operations like subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. Datapath units can’t build without using Adders but drawback of the existing adder architectures is the propagation delay. This propagation delay is due to the carry chain/path from the input to the output. The most important for measuring the quality of adder designs are computation time and area. Here different adder architectures are simulated and analyzed based on power dissipation, area and speed by using synopsis tool.Compare them qualitatively and quantitatively for circuit implementation . Ripple carry adder(RCA) is simple,but draw back is large delay. Carry Look ahead Adder (CLA) is one of the fastest adder structures where as carry select adder is best for its low area and delay. Based on the idea of above, Proposing the new architectures by optimizing the selected one, by combining of two architectures and sharing technique. The main aim of our work is to design and implement a Ripple carry adder Carry look ahead adder and Carry select adders using verilog and analyse the design parameters such as Area, Timing and Power. The circuit is designed and synthesized in TSMC 0.13μm CMOS technology and It is simulated using Synopsys VCS-MX.Area,timing and power metrices have been captured using Synopsys tools.
Digital IC Tester with Embedded Truth Table
(2016-08-08T07:57:01Z) Arun, M; Sumanth Kumar, V.S; Monica S, Kumar
IC’s, the main component of each and every electronic circuit can be used for wide variety of purposes and functions. But sometime due to faulty ICs the circuit doesn’t work. Indeed it is lot tedious work to debug the circuit and confirm whether the circuiting is creating problem or the IC itself is dead. So to come up with these sorts of problems we intend to make a project which would confirm whether the IC under consideration is working properly or not. The Digital Integrated Circuit Tester implemented as in this paper is capable of testing 14-20 pin’s Integrated Circuits (ICs) of 74xx, 40xx, series. First, the system welcomes the user, then it will ask the user in which method the IC has to be tested, based on the user requirements it will check the IC in either auto search method method or manual search method. Auto-search method will just tell the user whether the IC is included in the ZIF socket and IC is good or bad. In manual search method .first the user has to enter the IC number then as per the requirements of the user system will display the truth table and result about the integrated circuit. Since we are making use of ARDUINO AT-MEGA we can extend the number of IC’s that has to tested and the same thing can be implemented as universal IC tester, compared to present IC tester our prototype cost’s less.
An Efficient High Speed Wallace Tree Multiplier
(2016-07-12T11:18:00Z) Adithya, Reddy M V; Arem Chenna, Keshav Reddy; Dinesh, M K
Wallace Tree Multiplication Algorithm has been implemented in four different ways to design an 8x8 multiplier viz., 1) Using 7:3 and 5:3 compressors 2) Using Dual-Weight 5:3 compressors 3) Using Full-adders and Half-adders 4) Using 5:3 compressors designed using two cascaded full adders. All the above mentioned multiplier circuits are compared with an 8x8 Braun Multiplier circuit. The performance of all the circuits has been analysed and compared using Cadence Encounter tool.
Electronics and Communication Engineering
(2016-08-23T11:33:14Z) Ravi Kumar, M; Sumanth, R Dixit; Tejaswini, S
One of the important problems that our society faces is that people with disabilities are finding it hard to cope up with the fast growing technology. The access to communication technologies has become essential for the handicapped people. Generally deaf and dumb people use sign language for communication but they find difficulty in communicating with others who don’t understand sign language. Sign language is an expressive and natural way for communication between normal and dumb people (information majorly conveyed through the hand gesture). Speech –impaired people have difficulty in communicating with normal people because the hand gestures used by them to communicate their information is not easily understandable ;only trained people can understand these. Most expressions and emotions remain un-conveyed, sometimes even misinterpreted. So hand gestures (limited gestures) are not an effective method of communication for the speech impaired people. To take care of this issue, an electronic help desk kit can be used to enhance the passage of communication .Here, the electronic device consists of specialized keypad in which each key corresponds to pre assigned recorded audio the message by the speech impaired person.
An Energy Stored Quasi-Z- Source Cascaded Five Level Inverter
(2016-07-13T04:31:45Z) Chandan, M; Mallikarjun, M; Ayyappa, G
The transformer-less Cascaded Multilevel inverter topology is a beneficiary topology for high power medium voltage energy conversion systems. However the magnitude of output voltage is limited to the addition of input sources. Hence a new inverter topology based on combination of impendence source and cascaded H-bridge is proposed. The proposed quasi-Z-source cascaded multilevel inverter is more advantageous over conventional CMI in terms of balanced dc-link voltage and voltage boost capability. A five level inverter output is obtained by an improved phase shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PS-SPWM) generated using MATLAB Simulink interfacing with Arduino. A simulation model of the proposed cascaded quasi-Z-source five level inverter has been built in Simulink and its performance has been analysed by hardware implementation of the same.
Enhanced Approach on Air Pollution Monitoring System
(2016-07-13T04:44:48Z) Harish, KR; Praneetha, B; Radhika, K
Air pollution receives one of the prime concerns in India, primarily due to rapid economic growth, industrialization and urbanization with associated increase in energy demands. Lacks of implementation of environmental regulations are contributing to the bad air quality of most of the Indian cities. Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. This project is an approach to monitor and control pollutant levels like CO, CO2 and also monitors the temperature.
Error Free Image Compression Algorithms
(2016-08-23T11:37:16Z) Nandini, P; Subha, S
With increasing need to store data in lesser memory several lossless compression techniques are developed. This project intends to provide the performance analysis of lossless compression techniques over various parameter like compression ratio. It provides the relevant data about variations in them as well as to describe the possible causes for it. It describes the basic lossless techniques as Huffman encoding, run length encoding, arithmetic encoding and Lempel-Ziv-Welch encoding, Lossless predictive coding , Predictive coding followed by Integer Wavelet Transform and Bit plane coding briefly with their effectiveness under varying parameters. Considering the simulation results of grayscale image compression achieved in MATLAB software, it also focused to propose the possible reasons behind differences in comparison.
FPGA Based DDS Controller for Radar Waveform Generation
(2016-08-08T07:48:39Z) Prajwal, P; Rahul, Appaji
The purpose of this project is to develop a waveform generator to generate arbitrary waveforms based on Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) used for radio/radar applications. DDS technique is widely applicable and simple. Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is a frequency synthesizer that can generate arbitrary waveforms by using single, fixed frequency reference clock. Some of the DDS applications are: function generators, modulators, mixers, signal generation, sound synthesizers and local oscillators in communication system. The waveform generator is developed and implemented using a Kintex-7 FPGA from Xilinx and AD9954 DDS chip by Analog Devices. It makes use of Finite State Machines (FSM) which is optimized for minimum utilization of resources of FPGA. Testing of the whole system, both hardware and software, is done. The system is able to generate sine and chirp waveforms and other arbitrary waveforms.
FPGA-Based Hybrid Architectures (High-Throughput and Area-Efficient) of Hummingbird Cryptography
(2016-08-08T09:28:51Z) Ein, Paul; Praveen, P; Sooraj, Suresh
In today‘s modern life, there is evermore care is needed to protect information. So it is necessary to study the cryptographic algorithm. The various cryptographic methods like AES, DES have been failed to meet the requirements of low level devices especially in control system, this leads to the innovation of ultra light-weight cryptography. Lightweight cryptography is the new area in the field of cryptography. These lightweight cryptographic algorithms try to reduce area and power requirement, with less time for processing. Thus leads to low cost implementation. Hummingbird cryptography is one of such method. Some time it is treated as FSM because it is developed by using the feature of both ‗block and stream cipher‘. Thus easy to understand and leads to better security for control system application. Various lightweight cryptographic algorithms are discussed briefly, these algorithm uses either block cipher or stream cipher but the hummingbird is the special lightweight cryptography because it uses the features of both block cipher and stream cipher. Thus it provides the better security to less resourced devices in comparison with the other lightweight algorithms. The hummingbird algorithm is already designed and developed on different platforms like microcontroller, ASIC implementation etc, and it is discussed briefly. Three different designs of hummingbird algorithms (TE, AR and proposed hybrid design) are developed by modifying the block cipher used in the algorithm and their performance is compared in terms of area occupation and throughput using Xilinx ISE design tool with verilog language it has advantages than using C’language because the design is easily synthesized without the need of any external compiler. If the code is written in C’ language, it requires conversion of code into HDL before synthesis and then only it is translated into a hardware device, like FPGA. Analysis of the simulation results obtained shows that TE design gives high throughput, AR design gives less area requirement and hybrid design has less area and more throughput than TE and AR designs respectively.
Gate Level Simulation and Power Calculation of a Pcie Controller
(2016-07-12T10:57:28Z) Sanjana, M; Sunitha, N
The increase in design sizes and the complexity of timing checks at 40nm technology nodes and below is responsible for longer run times, high memory requirements, and the need for a growing set of Gate-Level Simulation (GLS) applications including Design For Test (DFT) and low-power considerations. As a result, in order to complete the verification requirements on time, it becomes extremely important for GLS to be started as early in the design cycle as possible, and for the simulator to be run in high-performance mode. This application note describes new methodologies and simulator use models that increase GLS productivity, focusing on two techniques for GLS to make the verification process more effective. The impact of timing and power has become increasingly important as the geometries are shrinking. As the speeds of operation increases from 250MHz and crosses 500Mhz and reaches closer to 1GHz, the role of gate level simulation with SDF back annotation – also referred to as GLS simulation with timing delays becomes critical as we not only need to verify that the design got synthesized into a functionally correct netlist but also need to verify that the realized netlist post synthesis is functional and timing correct. Power is an important factor in today’s mobile and wearable computing era. Accurate power calculations are required to ensure that the system power intent is achieved. The power numbers calculated using gate level simulations are useful in achieving accurate power numbers. For IP providers, it is important that the power numbers shared with customers are as accurate as possible. Hence power calculation and analysis based on gate level simulation with SDF back-annotation is an important activity in the IP development process.
Gesture And Object Recognizing Robotic ARM
(2016-07-13T04:39:11Z) Megashree, R; Lakshitha, Varanasi
This project proposes Image analysing and Accelerometer-based Hand Gesture Controlled Robotic Arm. Robotics is the emerging field that drives technology forward. Gesture and Image recognition abilities provide a natural way of communication between humans and the robots. This project is a prototype of an Advanced Pick and Place Robot which incorporates multiple features such as speech, hand-gesture and object recognition. To realize the proposed robotic arm, we designed it in such a way that, when the user (person operating the robotic arm) gives commands for some action to be performed by the robot (eg: “go pick that apple”), the robot analyses the command word by word (speech recognition) and navigates to the desired location by recognizing hand gestures (gesture recognition). Once it reaches the desired location, it tries to pick up the required object (object recognition) and place it elsewhere as per the user’s wish. The motivation behind this project is to design and manufacture such sophisticated robots which are a benefit to the mankind. Due to its high sensitivity and precision, it can be used to serve medical fields during critical operations in order to alleviate human-prone mistakes. Moreover, this project is aimed to help paralysed people and make such robots available to them at affordable prices. Since, the robot does not demand any particular skill to operate it, it comes in handy to anyone using it.
Green House Monitoring and Controlling Using Android Mobile Application
(2016-08-23T12:10:35Z) Samanth, B M; Chethan Kumar, G; Kautilya Reddy, K V
In agricultural country like India, greenhouses form an important aspect of agricultural and horticulture sectors. In greenhouses, plants are grown under favorable climatic conditions for its production and growth. Thus monitoring and control of greenhouse environment is necessary for production and management of greenhouses. This project is designed to monitor and control the indoor humidity and weather conditions affecting the plants using embedded system and Android mobile phone. The android phone is connected to a central server which then connects to microcontroller and humidity sensor via serial communication. Thus the sensor records and manages the required weather conditions proved to be appropriate for plant growth

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