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Advanced Protocols for Tissue Processing, IHC
(2020-10-13T10:39:59Z) Ramya, Sri CH; Kishore, G
Various types of Cancer has become very common these days leading to numerous deaths due to the lack of proper cure and many other reasons. Through this project we are getting to analyse the region of origin of cancer in any organ through tissue processing followed by IHC (Immunohistochemistry) which further diagnoses the type of cancer in the organ. The main goal of the project was to design protocols to reduce the duration of the original protocol (the one universally used) so that the identification of the actual origin of the cancer and its type can take place in a lesser time than expected. The report begins with the introduction of tissue processing its methods and steps along with IHC and importance of its procedures followed by all the protocols that were designed including the failed ones .Thus it concludes with the protocol that gave accurate results which was further used for the IHC experiment and the end results were compared with the original protocol to determine the efficiency of the advanced protocol.
Aerobic Digestion of Serratia Marcescens Isolated from Landfills for The Production of VFA
(2020-10-13T11:43:09Z) JAYANT, SEHGAL
The study was carried out to screen bacterial isolates with capacity for production of hydrolytic enzymes and volatile fatty acids by plate assay. The study was performed using twenty-five bacterial isolates that were isolated from municipal waste sites/landfills and then screened with various enzymatic tests. Of all the bacterial isolates studied, culture 3-4 was found to be positive for all hydrolytic enzymes and also produced VFA from glucose as well as from the hydrolysis of edible oil. The changes in different parameters during the production of VFA were checked viz., glucose concentration, pH, microbial growth, and the composition of VFA by GC -FID. VFA composition was fond to change with initial pH: in neutral conditions, acetic acid; in acidic conditions, acetic and butyric acids, in alkali conditions butyric acid were dominated, respectively
Bacteriocin Production from Strains of Lactobacillus Species Isolated From Unexplored Food Sources
(2015-12-26T05:11:39Z) Gayathri, Devi M; Khushali, Jana; Mary, Linda Stephaney; Ajay, Kumar N
Bacteriocins are small, ribosomally synthesized, antimicrobial proteins or peptides that are produced by many different bacterial species including members of lactic acid bacteria. Bacteriocins possess activity towards closely related bacteria, whereas producer cells are immune to their own bacteriocins. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, non-respiring, bacteria.The antimicrobial compounds produced by LAB include lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, formic acid, fatty acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. Bacteriocins have gained a lot of attraction as bio-preservative because of its GRAS status without causing any adverse effects on food .The aim of the present study is to produce bacteriocin from lactic acid bacteria isolated from unexplored food sources such as Jowarkoozhu, Mayonnaise, Sanna and Jelly. The lactic acid bacterial strains were sub-cultured and their growth was studied on four different media: MRS media, HJ media, KT media and DO media. Innoculum for bacteriocin production was developed. Bacteriocin was produced using two different media, MRS media and CM media. CM media has been used for Nisin production and MRS media is selective for the growth of Lactic acid bacteria. Screening for baceriocin was done using agar well diffusion assay technique. The indicator strains used are E.coli and Kleibshella sp. All the strains of lactic acid bacteria showed antagonistic activity. Partial purification of the obtained bacteriocin was done using ammonium sulphate precipitation. Quantitative analysis of bacteriocin was done using UV spectrophotometer. Molecular weight characterisation of the obtained bacteriocins was done using SDS-PAGE. Bacteriocins produced by LAB have attracted much importance for their application in food preservatives. Food preservation is achieved by using either a bacteriocin producing starter culture or by applying the bacteriocin itself as food additive in its relatively pure form. So far, only one bacteriocin, Nisin, has been approved by FDA as a food preservative and is being used commercially worldwide by food industries.
Bacteriocin Yield Optimization by Hybrid ANN+GA and the Antibacterial Screening of Bacteriocin Based Nanoparticles
(2016-12-09T09:26:33Z) Aditya, S; Radha, Sukanya G; Rakshith, C; Saptadeepa, Biswas
Bacteriocins are considered to be a next generation antibiotics due to their broad spectrum antibiotic nature. No research document was found on optimization of Bacteriocins using hybrid method of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-Genetic algorithm (GA) and also scanty research was reported on chitosan based bacteriocin nanoparticles. No research was documented on synthesis of CuO based Bacteriocins nanoparticles. With this lacuna, the aim of the present study is to initially optimize the newly isolated culture of lactobacillus species applying mathematical tools (RSM and hybrid ANN-GA), further the synthesis and characterization of Bacteriocins based nanoparticles and assessing their antibacterial efficiencies. Study, initially revived the preserved LAB isolates on the MRS plates. Further screened for purity and were tested under submerged fermentation (SmF) process for the Bacteriocins yield ability. Based on the yield Pediococuss Spp. isolates was selected for the optimization process. Four factors were optimized i.e- sucrose (carbon source), peptone (nitrogen source), pH and agitation using Response surface methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) and the optimized results was validated using hybrid ANN and GA. The study found that RSM optimized trail yield 4 fold (2.4) higher than unoptimized process Bacteriocins yield (0.4). The optimized values of RSM were validated using ANN (Feed Forward Neural Network Method) and ANN error report (0.0001) indicates that the model applied in optimization of bacteriocin production was found to be significant. Genetic Algorithm (Gene hunter) results revealed that no mutations were occured during optimization process; intern indicates the stable yield of optimized Lab culture and suggests that the organism is genetically fit. Further produced bacteriocin was used to synthesize Nanoparticles namely, Copper oxide based (Cuo-B) and Chitosan based (Ch-B) and were characterized analytically (UV spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and FTIR). Nano-particles were found to be of (Cuo-B) 23.3 nm and (Ch-B) 11.3 nm. The antibacterial efficiencies of nanoparticles confirmed the brad-spectrum antibiotic nature of the prepared nanoparticles In conclusion, the present study successfully achieved 4 fold increases () of Bacteriocin yield compare to the unoptimized process yield () by applying various Bio statistical tools (RSM-CCD, ANN, GA) for the newly isolated SmF cultures of lactobacillus species. The synthesized and characterized nanoparticles were proven their brad-spectrum antibiotic nature.
Bacteriological Profiling of Brain Abscess
(2020-10-13T10:01:08Z) BRUNDA, MR; LIKITHA, S; RAKSHITHA, G
Brain abscess or cerebral abscess is caused by inflammation and collection of infected material due to the microorganisms within the brain tissue. Brain abscess can also be caused by infection in the ear, dental abscess, infection of sinuses etc. Brain abscess is associated with congenital heart disease in young children, 50-75% of the cases are seen in ages from 20-30. Head trauma or surgical procedures followed due to skull fracture etc can also be a reason for the occurrence of the abscess.
Bio Mulch
(2020-10-13T10:23:22Z) PULIBANDLA LIKHITHA, CHAKRA PRIYA
An expanded enthusiasm for the field of bioplastic was driven because of the decline in the stock of oil alongside contamination brought about by the non-biodegradable oil-based plastics. The report starts with a concise prologue to plastics and bioplastics. Applications, focal points and disservices are additionally given for a superior comprehension of the situation. This undertaking endeavours to get bioplastics from squander banana strips with included enemy of microbial properties by means of the utilization of clove basic oil and water hyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes) separate and to figure out which bioplastic can communicate better antimicrobial properties also, different properties which demonstrate it to be biodegradable in nature
BIODEGRADATION OF CYPERMETHRIN AND THE STUDY OF ITS EFFECT ON PLANT
(2019-06-26T07:10:46Z) Bhanumathi. A; Gnanesh.P; Swaroop N V Reddy
Cypermethrin has moderate persistence in soils. Under laboratory conditions, cypermethrin degrades more rapidly in soils and in aerobic conditions. The half-life of cypermethrin is 4 days to 8 weeks. Cypermethrin is co metabolized by bacteria in soil. Isolation of indigenous bacteria capable of metabolizing pyrethroid insecticides has received considerable attention because these bacteria provide an environmentally friendly method of in situ. In some contaminated environments, autochthonous microbial populations have evolved over time to adapt to these contaminants. These sites are therefore the most appropriate ecological niches to find and isolate strains capable of degrading organophosphate insecticides. Cypermethrin was selected as it belongs to a group of bio resistant compounds which are not normally removed by conventional treatment plants.
Biodegradation of Polymer Using Soil Bacteria
(2019-06-26T07:58:32Z) KavyaVarshini B; Chitra WM
There is a drastic increase in the plastic consumption as a result of increasing urbanization which in turn is affecting the world's ecosystem drastically. Once used, plastics are disposed into landfills to subject it to the process of incineration in open air. This results in hazardous toxins to be released into the environment causing environmental pollution. Serious health issues and harm to the ecology is witnessed due to the resulting pollution. There are different types of plastics which are produced and utilized but this study mainly focuses on the three thermoplastics, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP). Among the varieties of plastics, this study focuses on the ones which are biodegradable in their nature. The study aims at isolation, identification, and biodegradation of PP, PE, and PVC by microorganisms obtained from soil sample collected from dump yards. Immense numbers of genera of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes have been proven to have a potential ability to degrade plastics. The study focuses on working with microorganisms as they have the capability to degrade plastic in an eco-friendly and non-polluting manner. The strains which could degrade PP, PE and PVC plastic were isolated by implementing pure culture methods and thus distinct colonies were visualized by conducting quadrant streaking. Then these pure and discrete colonies were isolated from the quadrant streak plate and were inoculated into sterile nutrient broth to obtain a broth culture which was used to obtain the bacterial growth curve. These strains were then subjected to gram staining and biochemical analysis.
Bioplastic Formulation from Agro Was
(2015-12-26T06:10:24Z) Akshata, S; Lavanya, M; Rashmi, S
At present Petroleum-based plastics are widely used which have many drawbacks like the amount of energy requirement is more to produce the plastics, the waste generated as a result of plastic production, and the accumulation of waste due to slow degradation rate. It is because of these negative impacts of conventional plastic use, attention is being focused on environmentally friendly plastics from alternative sources. Agro waste emerged as a resource with a significant potential to be employed as a raw material for the production of biodegradable plastics. There is a lot of research going on, where scientists are trying to isolate polymer from microorganisms also (Genetic Engineering). Our research aims at formulating Bioplastics that uses secondary feedstock (Field bean peels and corn husk) instead of dedicated crops. Cellulose was extracted from these sources and degraded into glucose units. Fermentation was done to produce lactic acid from glucose. Later Lactic acid was converted into lactide and then polymerization was done to get PLA (Polylactide). PLA was brittle in nature when it was dried; therefore PLA was blended with PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) which eliminated brittleness and resulted in a fine Biopolymer.
Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Halophiles
(2020-10-13T11:35:11Z) DEEKSHITHA, J; HEMALATHA, S; RAKSHITHA
This project mainly highlights the keys to the production of copper nanoparticles from halophiles. Five soil samples were collected from different beaches of Karnataka. The microorganisms were isolated and then screened using DPPH assay method. Out of 9 organisms isolated, the organism showing maximum antioxidant activity was found to be Bacillus sp. from gram staining and biochemical tests. The organism showed maximum activity at 48 hours incubation period, pH 4, temperature 45˚C and 9% salt concentration. This organism was screened for synthesis of nanoparticles with various metals like Selenium, Iron and Copper out of which maximum synthesis was observed with copper nanoparticles at 517 nm. From UV-VIS spectrophotometry, the maximum peak was obtained at 252 nm after 2 hours. The synthesized nanoparticles were then used to determine therapeutic applications like antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested for antimicrobial activity against 6 bacteria and 2 fungi species out of which it showed maximum inhibition against Salmonella typhi (1.4 cms) and Candida albicans (3.1 cms). The synthesized nanoparticles also showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 491.28 μg/mL.
Bioutilization of Banana Waste and Its Application
(2018-06-23T06:59:43Z) Daisy, Gogoi; Radhiha, Ravichandar; Eugenia, Deborah; Maria, Anand
Mankind has been strongly dependent on plant fibers for all kind of purposes. Banana is one of the earliest and important fruit crops cultivated by man in tropical parts of the world. India contributes a large percentage to total world production of banana such as peel, stem, and leaves which can be used for various purposes. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of banana peel as a source of Cellulose Nano Fibers. CNFs were synthesized chemically (CT-alkaline treatment, bleaching ) and is characterized by SEM-Scanning electron Microscopy, FTIR- Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. These Cellulose Nanofibers has a potential application in Diagnosis and Therapeutic treatments. Alternatively a study on utilizing the Banana Pseudo stems for commercial application is also carried out. Banana pseudo stems acts as a potential source for generating biodegradable material which can address environmental issue. These natural fibers have excellent physical and mechanical properties, which can be used effectively for production of sanitary napkins. This Biodegradable napkin which will be free of “Plastics” and “non-organic materials will be a promising solution to all the environmental concerns in the current world.
Cardioprotective Activity Evaluation of Phytocompounds by Insilico Approach
(2016-12-09T09:11:07Z) Aditya, S; Radha, Sukanya G; Rakshith, C; Saptadeepa, Biswas
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disorder developing insidiously throughout life and usually progressing to an advanced stage by the time symptoms occur. CVD is strongly connected to lifestyle, especially the use of tobacco, unhealthy diet habits, physical inactivity, and psychosocial stress. Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.[3]  Atherosclerotic CVD, especially CHD, remains the leading cause of premature death worldwide.  CVD affects both men and women; of all deaths that occur before the age of 75 years in Europe, 42% are due to CVD in women and 38% in men.  CVD mortality is changing, with declining age-standardized rates in most European countries, which remain high in Eastern Europe.  Prevention works: >50% of the reductions seen in CHD mortality relate to changes in risk factors, and 40% to improved treatments.  Preventive efforts should be lifelong, from birth (if not before) to old age.  Population and high-risk preventive strategies should be complementary; an approach limited to high-risk persons will be less effective; population education programmes are still needed.  Despite gaps in our understanding, there is ample evidence to justify intensive public health and individual preventive efforts.  There is still substantial room for improvement in risk factor control, even in individuals at very high risk.
Characterization and study of Mytilus edulis haemocyte sub populations including the effects of ionomycin on phagocytosis
(2019-06-26T08:07:39Z) Sai AlekhyaDulam; Yesh Muralidharan; Meghna Vinod; Pavithra E
In bivalve molluscs, defense against pathogens mainly relies on fast tissue infiltration by immune-competent haemocytes that migrate from circulating haemolymph to sites of infection, in order to deliver, insitu, an effective immune response. In the present work, we have examined elements of haemocyte subpopulations motility by consolidating flow cytometry coupled to Coulter-type cell volume assurance, Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy, time-lapse imaging and invitro investigation of cell shape changes. Our outcomes uncovered quick modifications of haemocyte in vitro, with bidirectional advances from spread outlines to consolidated cell body morphologies, in the given time period. Amoeboid or non-amoeboid types of locomotion were watched, based on the cell shapes and on the cell subtypes. Relationships between movement profiles and flow cytometry examination on living cells proposed a useful mussel hemocyte characterization including the motile properties of these cells and analyze the phagocytic characteristics of the cells. Specifically, basophils were appeared to be associated with dynamic hemocyte interactions and in the constitution of aggregation centers. Physiological implications, as far as the immune reaction in organisms, and potential uses of hemocyte motility contemplates for the advancement and the elucidation of tests including hemocytes in the field of marine ecotoxicology were comprehended.
Comparative Study Of Fermentation Of Sugars For The Production Of Bioethanol From Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(2015-12-26T06:39:39Z) Suresh; Manikanta
The isolation and screening of Zymomonas spp for the higher sugar uptake and higher ethanol tolerance was done by collecting 3 samples namely beer, homemade wine and industrial wine. Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 was used as standard. Zymomonas mobilis media was used for the growth of the organism and serial dilution was carried out to obtain pure cultures. The desired spp was identified by using Standard Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 and observing the morphological characters. Total carbohydrate, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar concentration was estimated by various methods. The sugar concentration had significantly decreased in the substrate inoculated with ZHW with total sugar concentration being 0.56 mg/g, reducing sugar concentration being 0.11 mg/g and non-reducing sugar concentration being 0.45 mg/g as compared to substrate inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae with total sugar concentration being 1.21 mg/g, reducing sugar concentration being 0.45 mg/g and non-reducing sugar concentration being 0.76 mg/g. Ethanol tolerance of ZHW, ZIW, ZIB, Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was checked and ZHW was found to be more tolerant to Ethanol as compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Comparison of secondary metabolite profile of leaf and flower extract of Epiphyllum oxypetalum
(2015-12-26T05:51:13Z) Dharshini, S; Monisha, M; Shanaz, Y
Epiphyllum oxypetalum is a species of cactus and one of the most cultivated species in the genus. It can be used as a substitute for Digitalis. Scanty work has been reported on the phytochemical properties of this plant. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf was reported by Upendra et al.,(2012). No research was found on the phytochemical constitutents of the flower, based on these lacunae the present study aimed in accessing of nutritive value, biotherapeutic potentials and secondary metabolite profile of leaf & flower parts of Epiphyllum oxypetalum. Nutritive analysis of Epiphyllum oxypetalum was carried out for the various nutritive components i.e proteins, lipids and vitamins such as niacin. The native extracts of Epiphyllum oxypetallum were analysed for the presence of secondary metabolites and found various metabolites i.e flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides. Antibacterial activity of the native extracts of flower of Epiphyllum oxypetalum and fluorescent analysis of flower powder with different chemical reagents were carried out to determine the phytochemical characteristics. The Study was further extended in accessing the specific phytochemicals of the leaf extract using GC-MS, results revealed the presence of eight medicinally active metabolites, the prominent one being Beta-Sitosterol (23.06%), which is extensively used for heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS & as an anticancer drug for cervical and colon cancer. In addition, the plant also exhibits nutritive qualities and antibacterial activity (flower). The GC-MS analysis can be extended for the flower of Epiphyllum oxypetalum. The present study concludes by reporting the presence of an elite medicinal compound Beta-Sitosterol and also reported the nutritive values of leaf and flower parts of Epiphyllum oxypetalum.
A Coupled Process Integrating Heavymetal Bioremediation and Biodiesel Production using Oleaginous Microalgae
(2018-06-23T06:46:58Z) Chaithanya, Lakshmi; Hanna Abdul, Hakeem; Shivali, Muthappa B
The present scenario of our biodiversity shows drastic reduction inthe availability of fossil fuels.Not only does the need for an energy sources has increased, but also increased the demand for a renewable energy friendly source. The constant production of waste from industries has polluted the water bodies and ultimately affected the life forms. Heavy metals have seen to play a very big role in the above. It’s contamination calls for a need of a solution that can help us remove the same from waterbodies. Hence the solution of using micro algae to produce lipid that can be converted to biodiesel and for bioremediation of heavy metals from the waterbodies. Microalgae cultures were isolated from fresh water bodies and also marine water bodies, keeping the availability of marine sources in mind. The culture was inoculated in heavy metal polluted waters to test their response of lipid production and metal bioremediation. The presence of algae was confirmed using SEM analysis and 18S RNA Sequencing. An optimization test of 30 trials was carried out. The tests were then validated using Colorimetric estimation using sulpho-phospho vanillin, Leuco Crystal Violet method and FTIR analysis. This confirmed the production of lipid and the removal of metal particularly arsenic from waste water.
Design and Development of an Interactive Health Care App for the Maintenance of a Healthy Lifestyle
(2018-06-23T06:41:07Z) Aishwarya, Madhu; Lisha, A; Manjusha, R
With technology thriving to replace the traditional living sphere and the advent of digitalization in the competitive urban population, things have gotten easy for us of late. As the world runs towards a state of co-dependent existence with technology, we already are witnessing the tremendous contribution of Technology even in the health care management. With the lack of time and easy access to the digital world, we depend on it for anything and everything. Making this bane a boon remains the core of this project. As per the WHO reports of 2017, 7.5% of the country’s population suffer from major and minor mental disorders that require expert intervention. Out of which, 4.5% (56 million) suffer from mild to severe depression. The worldwide prevalence of the depression from 2005-2015 had increased by 18% with South East Asia and Western Pacific region the most affected. While the male population is on the higher scale of being affected with mental illness, the females have been suffering mood related illness, the highest being in women between the age group of 40-49. With the number of teenagers with suicidal tendencies increasing at an alarming rate, the mental health scenario in our country has to be the most discussed at this point of time. Literature strongly correlates the prevalence of mental illnesses with poor water drinking habit and inability to maintain good physical fitness. In this scenario, our present project primarily aims at developing a Health Care App that can help the user with the maintenance / tracking and monitoring the said conditions in a very unique fashion. The app is primarily interactive in its nature, containing various simple yet vital parameters and something that stays as a pal to the user. The app contains three compartments which include a water activity tracker, a fitness challenge and the mind corner. Each of these compartments, unique to themselves on clicking would guide the user to individual pages where a onetime entry of certain parameters such as the user’s weight, height, normal water intake, physical activity, and medical history would be fed. Later the app subsequently keeps tracking the user and keeps the user posted with reference to his health care management. Ex, The water activity tracker on the basis of the data fed by the first time user would calculate the amount of water required by the body in accordance to the person’s height, weight, age, and the season give constant remainders alarming the user to drink water and stay hydrated. The fitness challenge, though collects and tracks the workout scenario of the user, includes an additional feature of challenges than can be done with friends who have downloaded this app. The final feature, called the mind app is the space for the user to feel mentally better by enabling him/her to listen to the scientifically proven songs that can reduce anxiety rates; along with tips for getting better in combination with appropriate water intake and maintenance of physical fitness
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COST EFFECTIVE EQUIPMENT USING BIOFILTERS FOR THE REMOVAL OF AUTO EXHAUST GAS UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY
(2017-08-10T06:10:48Z) PAVITHRA, V G; MADHU, CHANDRA R; MOHANA, PRIYA N
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the earth’s atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies or death in humans. It may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops and may also damage the natural or built environment. Human activity and natural processes can both generate air pollution. At the global level, the rapid growth in motor vehicle activity has serious energy security and climate change implications. The transport sector already consumes nearly half of the world’s oil. But in urban areas – both developing and developed countries, it is predominately mobile or vehicular pollution that contributes to air quality problem. The sources of pollutants includes emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and for industrial processes, energy production, domestic cooking and heating, and high dust levels due to local construction, smoking, unpaved roads, sweeping, hotels, restaurants and long-range transport. By this the quality of air has become so poor that, Bangalore is the result of both high emissions from the vehicles and unfavorable conditions.
Design and fabrication of cost effective equipment using biofilters for the removal of auto exhaust gas utilizing solar energy by continuous process
(2018-06-23T06:16:40Z) Bhagath, D L; Gokul, G S; Vibhudesh, M V; Vishwas, S
Air pollution is one of the major serious problem in the world. It is caused by the release of unwanted gasses to environment, like carbon di-oxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and many other gasses. In India metropolitan cities like New Delhi, Kolkata, Bengaluru are facing a major problem by air pollution. Some of the pollutants are CO2, NOx, SOx, CFC, methane gases, hydro carbons and mud particles etc, are caused by the industrial emission, vehicular emission, restaurants, household utilities and unpaved road etc. It also causes harm to humans and other living organism, food corps and damage the natural or built environment. To overcome air pollution there are three methods, in that biological method is cost effective and eco-friendly method. In this method, we are using spirulina platensis as a biofilter for removal of NOX and SOX from auto exhaust gasses. Spirulina is a cyanobacteria and autotrophic microalgae, it absorbs NOX and SOX and utilize as nutrients during photosynthesis for the growth, by nitrogen reductase path way.
Design and Fabrication of Pyrolysis Reactor for Synthesis of Biodiesel from Poultry Waste (Chicken Feathers) and Engine Performance Testing
(2018-06-23T06:54:22Z) Manan, Chamaria; Liptimayee, Behura; Maanisha, M; Madhushree, G B
With constant rise in world population, the need for natural resources is increasing at an alarming rate. This is leading to the exploitation of natural resources of which fossil fuels are a major part. Moreover, excessive usage of fossil fuels leads to toxic emissions that are major contributors of global warming. Hence, it is essential to develop alternative methods to meet the energy demands and also control pollution. Biodiesel is one such potent alternative for fossil fuels. Biodiesel can be generated from many biological sources such as poultry waste, animal fat, vegetable oil, soybean oil, etc. In our work, poultry waste (chicken feathers) is collected from processing units, Bengaluru, Karnataka. Fats are extracted from the waste by subjecting it to the process of pyrolysis, followed by collection which yields biodiesel product. Upon pyrolysis of 500g of feathers, a yield of 5.5ml of oil is obtained. The use of chicken feathers as raw material and solar concentrator as a heating source to generate the required temperature (300-400°C) for the working of pyrolysis reactor reduces the cost of production and also provides an effective way of waste management. As fossil fuels are exhaustible resources, biodiesel plays a major role as an alternative energy source.

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