2014-15

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360 Degree Solar Tracking And Automatic Cleaning System
(2015-12-22T09:16:43Z) Suman, Choudhary; Sneha, Kumar; Saurabh, Kumar; Neeraj, Kumar
The solar PV modules are generally employed in dusty environments which is the case in tropical countries like India. The dust gets accumulated on the front surface of the module and blocks the incident light from the sun. It reduces the power generation capacity of the module. The power output reduces as much as by 50% if the module is not cleaned for a month. In order to regularly clean the dust, a sun tracking- cum- cleaning system has been designed, which not only tracks the sun but also cleans the modules automatically. This automated system is implemented using microcontroller which controls the stepper motor coupled solar panel. This mechanism does not require any sensor or synchronization for tracking the sun. In this mechanism, the solar panels make a rotation of 360o in a day, which results in sliding of cleaning brushes twice over the PV modules. In terms of daily energy generation, the presented tracking- scheme provides about 30% more energy output as compared to the flat PV module (module kept stationary on ground) and about 15% more energy output as compared to PV module with single axis tracking. The implementation and working of 360 degree sun tracking system with automatic cleaning is described in this paper.
8051 Based Renewable Energy – 12v DC Power Generation Using Back EMF & Solar
(2015-12-23T09:25:18Z) Amit, Kumar; Gagan Deep, Singh; Rahul, Rai; Surabhi, Kumari
In this project solar energy and motor back emf is used to charge the battery. Sometimes solar panel will not provide enough voltage to charge battery due to insufficient sun light. So here a Buck Boost circuit is used to boost the voltage to required level. And also we run a motor through motor driver which is actuated by the controller. That motor is coupled by another motor. Due to coupling the other motor rotates and generates back emf. This genearated back emf is boosted and applied to battery to charge the battery. A bulb or LED will be connected to battery as a load, the battery supply is given to LED through another Buck Boost so that if battery voltage reduces the intensity of light remains still due to constant voltage supplied by boost circuit.
APFC (Automatic Power Factor Compensation) For Industrial Power Use to Minimize Penalty
(2015-12-22T10:55:13Z) Abhishek, Sadhukhan; Azhar Uddin, Bora; Manshavi, Kumar; Saurav, Mishra
The project is designed to minimize penalty for industrial units using automatic power factor correction unit. In this proposed system, two zero crossing detectors are used for detecting zero crossing of voltage and current. The time lag between the zero-voltage pulse and zero-current pulse is duly generated by suitable operational amplifier circuits in comparator mode is fed to two interrupt pins of a microcontroller. It displays time lag between the current and voltage on an LCD. The program takes over to actuate appropriate number of relays from its output to bring shunt capacitors into load circuit to get the power factor till it reaches near unity. The capacitor bank and relays are interfaced to the microcontroller using a relay driver. The microcontroller used in this project belongs to 8051 family. Furthermore, the project can be enhanced by using thyristor control switches instead of relay control to avoid contact pitting often encountered by switching of capacitors due to high in rush current.
Automated Distribution System Monitoring and Control
(2015-12-26T05:04:47Z) Siddharth, Kumar; Mohammed, Fasih M.A; Venkatesh, Annamareddy; Mukesh Kumar, Behera
Three-phase electric power is a common means of alternating-current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry three alternating currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at one third of a cycle from each other. In residential area distribution, 3-phase systems may have a neutral wire. A neutral wire allows the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower-voltage single-phase loads. In a distributions system one of the most common problem faced is the unbalanced load between the 3 phases namely R, Y and B. This leads to greater power-loss in distribution. The second problem faced is the failure of neutral line. This condition leads to “brown out” and over current condition in the loads. This type of problem arises in residential and commercial areas. We as a team intend to develop an intelligent distribution system that automatically distributes the load on the phase, thereby balancing the 3 phase supply and protecting the loads against black out. If one of the 3 phases draws more power thereby creating an “imbalance” in the network, then this imbalance is sensed by the microcontroller via the power sensor and corrective action is undertaken to restore the balance by supplying the overloaded phase with power from the other phases. Our main objective is to eliminate, the drawback created by unbalanced load in residential and commercial areas and thereby provide a good power output to the end consumer.
Battery Super Capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles
(2015-12-23T09:06:21Z) Abhilash, .M; Jaishree, .R; Manjunatha, .B; Sharath, Babu .K
Time is of the utmost essence in the modern world. Especially in the field of energy storage, saving energy in quick time is most desirable. A battery takes quite a long time to charge but on the contraire the time required for charging a supercapacitor is very less. Due to the high charging time of the battery, the material inside the battery degrades with time. This paper aims at combining both the battery and the supercapacitor for energy storage in an Electrical Vehicle (EV) to increase the long run of the vehicle and also to reduce the fluctuations during the discharge. Additional to this, this paper also aims to use the concept of regenerative braking to charge the supercapacitor along with harnessing the solar energy during run of the vehicle to charge the supercapacitors.
Buck Boost Inverter And Controlling Techniques
(2015-12-22T09:35:25Z) Ankur, Prasad; Hari Krishna, K; Prashanth Reddy, P; Prateek, Kumar
The title of our project is Buck Boost Inverter and its controlling techniques. The purpose of our experiment is to build a buck boost inverter which to overcome the problems of the traditional V-source and I-source converters. In this project the buck boost will be achieved with the help of inductor and capacitor connected between the rectifier and inverter. Different types of controlling techniques are compared. Procedure involved is introducing a Z source network in between source and inverter and three types of PWM control, i.e., simple boost ,constant boost, maximum boost, maximum constant boost, were each implemented in a single-phase ZSI, in open-loop system, with various dc input voltages and various switching frequencies
Design and Development of Test Kit for DC Overvoltage Protection Unit
(2015-12-22T10:42:47Z) Cyrus, Joshua; Shallin, Paul; Sunil, V; Niranjana, Swamy
This project aims at design of test kit for DC Overvoltage Protection Unit, which is used in aircraft to prevent various electronic devices from damages which may be caused due to overvoltage. This Protection Unit is used to control the operation of an external, latching-type relay present in the voltage regulator, This relay de-excites the generator if an overvoltage condition occurs. The test kit designed for the DC overvoltage protection unit basically simulates the overvoltage condition across the DC overvoltage protectlion unit. Due to this overvoltage simulation the unit operates and excites the relay provided in the test kit, and thus the protection unit disconnects the supply. The test kit is also used for measuring the time taken by protection unit to operate. The details of project have been discussed in following chapters.
Design and Development of Voltage Control Unit for Sukhoi-30MKI
(2015-12-23T09:11:13Z) Aishwarya N, Ghodgaonkar; Chethan V; Jasjeev, Singh
HAL‘s initiative to develop and redesign the electronics of their aircraft Sukhoi-30MKI has led to the evolution of this project. As the project is titled ‗Voltage Control Unit for Sukhoi-30MKI‘, this unit constantly monitors the input power supply given by the Ground Support Equipment to ensure the working and functionality of all the electronics present in the aircraft. Thus the GSE being interfaced with the bus monitoring system (VCU) present inside the aircraft gets automatically disconnected when the electrical supply is not within tolerable limits. This unit is equipped with the functionality to protect the aircraft electrical system from negative phase sequence, poor power quality (voltage) and the system frequency when the external AC power source of Ground Support Equipment is connected to the aircraft by keeping a constant check which is further explained in detail independently. Converged with the capability of monitoring the entire power supply inputted, the unit consists of three main sections namely Voltage, Phase and Frequency. The outputs and results at every stage of all sections, obtained are enclosed. The unit also self-checks the working of all the components present within itself, which adds a step higher to increase the safety of the unit itself and there by the aircraft. This functionality is done by the self-test unit placed within. This process is initiated before the bus monitoring system (VCU) takes the actual power supply to be monitored. The results of the same are discussed further.
Design of Earth Mat, Fault Level Calculation and Relay Co-Ordination for 220kv Sub Station
(2015-12-22T07:09:52Z) Ashwini, N; Brunda, M; Yashika, B A
In a substation, earthing system is essential not only to provide the protection of people working in the vicinity of earthed facilities and equipments against danger of electric shock but to maintain proper function of electrical system. • This project presents the design of earthing system including the earth mat/grid for a 220 kvsubstation as per the international standards and the fault level calculations. Simulation for calculation of the required parameters using MAT Lab/ETAP DEMO. • The supporting data will be obtained from the actual field tested at the substation. Standard equations are used in the design of the earthing system to get the desired parameters such as earth resistance, grid resistance, maximum fault current level, resistivity of the soil, etc. This project also mentions the study details of the existing 11 kV substation, relay coordination of the existing network and the design for the new 220 kV substation.
Distribution Static Compensator using DC Link VSI for Power Quality Improvement
(2015-12-23T08:42:28Z) Sreerag, S; Pacha Ashok, Kumar; Veeresh, Kumara; Vijay, Kumar
Power quality issue is one the main problem faced in today end user equipments. Here the source harmonics present in current due to unbalanced and Non-Linear loads. The Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is analyzed for source current. THD before compensation and after compensation for unbalanced and Non-Linear load; during analyzing THD, phase A of unbalanced load is removed for simulation time period. Thus applying two phase load and simulating the matlab model to find the THD for all three phases. Also, THD is tabulated for both at unbalanced conditions. With help of three phase circuit breaker, Shunt Active Filters (SAF) is connected at Point Of Common Contact (PCC). Circuit breaker is designed such that the initially SAF is not connected to PCC. After 0.04 seconds, circuit breaker from its initial open status is closed after 0.04 seconds and remains connected till the end of simulation time. Control algorithm to generate gate pulses to trigger Integrated Gate bipolar Transistor (IGBT). The compensated source current is generated with the help of IGBT through RL filter circuit.The reference current methodology applied here is Instantaneous Symmetrical Component Theory. ISRF is proposed for three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) which includes voltage source converter and a dc link capacitor. The Source power to Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is performed with constant DC source. The THD is observed in source current. Thus Results are compared for unbalanced and non-linear load. Critical analysis is performed for THD in source current for unbalanced and non-linear load when source for VSI is constant DC supply. It has been observed that the THD is reduced after injecting compensation after 0.04 seconds till simulation time. The THD for two phase load is greater than three phase load.
Estimation To Optimize The Power Consumption At SVP Block In NHCE
(2015-12-22T07:17:15Z) Chethan, D B; Siddappa; Ravi, Mandal Kumar
New technologies used in developing smart homes and appliances and also in renewable energy production have been attracting much attention in recent years. In practice, the management of these technologies to get the minimum household payment for consumption of energy has become a challenge due to the time- varying electricity price and to meet demand is more challenge. In this project, it is compared between the use of grid energy over solar energy. The power is tapped from gird through 11Kv line to New Horizon College Engineering (NHCE) substation. The power is then distributed to various blocks. Our project is based over SARDAR VALLAHBHAI PATEL BLOCK (SVBP). Calculating the total single phase loads, here we are tabulating total single phase Fan and Tube lights in SVPB. Calculating theoretically the total power required to operate the entire load simultaneously with AC supply and DC supply. The measuring parameters are operating voltage, current, power factor, active power, reactive power and apparent power. For the same load requirement, their equivalent DC load is used to conclude the project by verifying the measuring parameter. Theoretical calculations are verified by simulating over Matlab environment. The result shows that using AC loads the power consumed is 33.216KW and in DC system the load consumed for same load characteristics is 22.87KW. Thus for DC load the power consumed is 31.15% less than AC load for the same load characteristics.
High Voltage Line Inspection Robot
(2015-12-22T11:02:55Z) Akanksha, Srivastava; Avinash, Kumar Singh; Narayanan, G S; Ritesh, Kumar Singh
Electrical power companies usually perform regular visual inspection to check the status of their transmission lines mainly using helicopter equipped with external gimbals housing infrared and ultraviolet camera to detect hot spots and corona discharges. This solution is quite expensive, dangerous for the crew and not very reliable. Power transmission line inspection is of utmost importance for power companies towards having sustainable electricity supply to vast number of customers in major industries as well as households in a city. Inspection provides valuable data from status of the line, thus helps line engineers to plan for necessary repair or replacement works before any major damages which may result in outage. Thanks to technological advances, utilizing robots as reliable substitutes for human beings in hazardous environments such as live lines has become possible. For many tasks requiring high precision over a long period of time, robots even do their job better than human operators. The line inspection robot autonomously inspects power lines while mounted on a live phase line. The line inspection robot is a line-crawling autonomous robot, constituting a mobile sensor system. While travelling along the line it will carry sensors enabling it to perform most inspection activities performed today, and more. A key concept of the approach is the gathering of power from the live line, enabling the robot to inspect for long periods of time without being bothered with energy-supply issues. The line inspection robot will be part of a system offering the inspection capability. The system must, at least, have the ability to: • Conveniently raise the robot to, and lower it from, the line to be inspected • Report, and provide some initial analysis of, the results of an inspection • Offer some way of communicating with the operating robot, perhaps offering some remote control abilities
Hybrid Smart Power Generation Using Arm Based Microcontroller
(2015-12-23T09:18:19Z) Ajit, Nambiar; Ashwin.K, .Das; Sreelal, O.P; Neelam, Chauhan
Solar and wind energy is rapidly advancing as an important means of energy resource. More energy is produced by tracking the solar panel to remain aligned to the sun at a right angle to the rays of light and controlling the wind turbine. This paper describes in detail the design and construction of a prototype for solar and wind tracking system with three degrees of freedom, which detects the sunlight using photocells. The control circuit for the solar tracker is based on a ARM microcontroller (MCU). This is programmed to detect the sunlight through the photocells and airflow, then actuate the motor to position the solar panel where it can receive maximum sunlight and rotate the turbine where it can receive maximum wind. We use the generated power energy for applications such as DC Motor.
Integration of Solar And Battery Using Bidirectional DC-DC Converter For EV Applications
(New Horizon College of Engineering, 2026) THIPPESWAMY S 1NH23EE409 DIVYASREE P 1NH22EE043
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are viewed as an alternative mode of transport that is environmentally friendly when compared to conventional vehicles. However, the use of electricity from the grid for the purpose of charging EVs results in high energy prices, peak demand on the electric grid, and a large amount of carbon emissions. This paper proposes the development of an integrated renewable energy system. A renewable energy source, such as a solar PV panel, will be combined with a battery through the use of a bidirectional DC to DC converter to allow for EV charging. The renewable energy source will also supply the regenerative braking energy required by the EV while driving. The bidirectional converter allows for buck/boost operations, which will enable the transfer of energy to and from the PV, battery and motor drive in accordance with real-time operating conditions. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm will provide optimal operation for the solar PV energy source regardless of operating conditions such as temperature and irradiance. The integrated energy system will provide greater charging efficiency, reduce the reliance on electricity from the grid, and extend the overall life of the battery by regulating the charging and discharging cycles of the battery. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the integrated energy system improves power management efficiency, creates a stable power supply, and decreases the energy losses experienced with current charging systems. This work represents one step in the development of green mobility, the ability to charge EV's in a more costeffective manner, and the creation of a decentralized clean energy delivery system.
Multistage Water Pumping
(2015-12-23T09:46:15Z) Gayasuddin, Siddiqui; Lohith, .S; P H. Neeraj, Sharma; N., Manikandan
With the world encountering huge pollution problems, use of renewable energy is being encouraged in place of fossils fuels for electricity generation. One such renewable energies is solar power. Solar powered systems are able to generate electricity using photovoltaic (PV) panels, or thermal collectors directly from sunlight. PV systems convert solar energy into electric energy. PV systems are a reliable means of generating power for applications such as rural electrification and domestic water pumping because of their low operation and maintenance costs. Since India is blessed with ample sunshine solar power could be a solution to taking electricity to remote area. Water is one of main concern of worries now a days since there are many areas where availability of water is less, people are struggling to get water even for their basic needs. We need to conserve water by using different techniques. Water has become the primarily source of problem (conflict between the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for water) so for avoiding such problem we can use canal and reservoir and keep water whenever demand is acute. Further it is required to store, when water is present and use water when main source of water is absent. Here we are going to simulate the reservoir filling mechanism which is connected to a canal which will automatically fill the reservoir whenever it gets empty/ near exhaustion. In the proposed demo we will use two Low Power motors for filling the reservoir which are controlled by microcontroller on the bases of level sensing Circuit that will automatically switch ON/OFF the motors as per level of water present in the reservoir. In this project we will be using solar panel to charge batteries which in-turn will be employed for running the low Power Motors that will be controlled by microcontroller. The system is intelligent to automatically sense the levels and take the decisions to switch ON/OFF the motors automatically.
Optimal Power Flow using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
(2015-12-26T04:24:53Z) Maheshwar, Sharma; Mahesh Kumar, .S.Zanje; Himesh, Sharma; K.R, Vallabhan
This paper presents solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problem of a power system via a simple particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The particle swarm optimization method is dynamic in nature and it overcomes the shortcomings of other evolutionary computation techniques such as premature convergence and provides high quality solutions. The objective of this method is to minimize the fuel cost and keep the power outputs of generators, bus voltages, shunt capacitors/reactors and transformers tap setting in their secure limits. The effectiveness of PSO was compared to that of OPF by MATPOWER. The potential and superiority of PSO have been demonstrated through the results of IEEE 30-bus system.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
(2015-12-23T09:54:47Z) Gayathri, Menon; Harshkunj P, Chokhawala; R. Narmadha, Rani; Renjini, Mohan
The demand for energy is ever increasing and our project aims at harnessing the waste mechanical energy that is expelled while walking, into useful electrical energy using a piezoelectric model. This project also aims at determining the best combination of piezoelectric crystals that will produce an optimum output which can further be used for various applications. A spring model is used in the project so as to optimize the effectiveness of the vibrations and increase the output from each crystal. The spring model also ensures that the pressure on the model is evenly distributed. Various ways of increasing the output from one crystal and a combination of crystals resulted in using a bridge rectifier in series with each crystal. The bridge rectifier is a uni-directional current controlling device. The positive and negative peak of the output was rectified, giving a higher voltage.
Power Generation From Vehicle Movement in Highways with Intelligent Lighting Control
(2015-12-23T08:52:04Z) Basavaraju, .PL; Charan, Kumar .V; Pratikalpa, Kashyap; Saurabh, Yadav
India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission. The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 500W, which is much lower than that of developed countries like USA, Europe, Australia, Japan etc. However, this figure is expected to rise sharply due to high economic growth and rapid industrialization. The consumption of electricity is growing on the worldwide basis. Energy is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional energy systems to those based on renewable resources is necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy and to address environmental concerns. The objective of the paper is to design a wind turbine to recapture wind energy from vehicles on the highway. Wind energy is considered the fastest growing clean energy source. It is limited by variable natural wind. Highways can provide a required considerable amount of wind to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic. This energy is unused. Extensive research on wind patterns is required to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. The wind turbines will be placed on the medians therefore fluid flow from both sides of the highway will be considered in the design. Using all of the collected data, existing streetlight on the medians can be fitted with these wind turbines.
Priority Based Load Control System
(2015-12-22T09:31:32Z) Ashok, Reddy K S; Balaji, D; Najeerahammad, Pinjar; Raghu, PS
Different energy sources and converters need to be integrated to meet sustained load demands while accommodating various natural conditions. This paper focuses on the integration of photovoltaic (PV), wind power ,main and ups. In the proposed system, the micro controller ill allow on priority to the and transfers energy to the load side. Whenever the PV system cannot completely meet load demands, the wind system provides power to meet the remaining load. Whenever the wind power cannot completely meet load demand the main power meet load demand developed for the proposed system.
Smart Energy Meter
(2015-12-26T04:57:05Z) Syed Mohemmed, Asghar; Akbarali; Krishnamurthy, .K; Syed, Aquib R
Energy meter devised in this inquisition is an instrument capable of measuring voltage, current, power, and energy consumed by an electrical device. Even the modern Energy meters use the perplexing analog system. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further research on energy meters that use elementary circuit. Based on belletristic analysis that has been conducted, experiments have been carried out to make digital energy meter with stipulation such as input circuit (voltage sensor, current sensor), processing circuit (ATMega328P-PU Microcontroller), output circuit (text LCD 16x2), and a DC power supply circuit . This inquisition, an energy meter with a simpler sensing circuit is devised. Input circuit consists only of voltage and current sensors, while the processing circuit uses ATMega328P-PU which has been unified with a power supply. The output is displayed on to a computer monitor. Here, the power supply circuit of the microcontroller consumes power through the USB port which also feeds the energy meter circuit. Measurement simulation of voltage, current, power consumption, and used energy is done. Thereby, energy meter devised using the ATMega328P-PU Microcontroller. In this study, analysis has been conducted to make an efficient measuring device that precisely calibrates the electrical power which is further interfaced with a computer via microcontroller ATmega328P-PU. This focused study majorly explains conditioning of analog signals, conversion of analog to digital signal (ADC) and digital data processing. The microcontroller delivers high resolution and better sampling rate capabilities. It is capable of measuring the energy used by the DC Voltage power source device of 20 Volt, and has power of 2 to 400 W.

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