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Item EVALUATION OF MOSQUITO LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF PLANT EXTRACTS(2017-08-10T07:32:55Z) SUKHITHA, K.T; SAI PRIYA, .UMosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, filariasis and encephalitis. WHO has declared mosquitoes as “public enemy number one” known to be globally affecting over 700,000,000 people every year, 40,000,000 amongst which is estimated to be the Indian population. Synthetic (Chemical) insecticides, although known to be highly effective against mosquito, pose a potential hazard to the environment and its biota. The use of plant material to kill / control the mosquito menace had been a practice from many decades. Many of the plant based material have been used to control the propagation of mosquito growing at different stages, amongst which the larvicidal effect was observed to be the most potential mechanism of action conferred. The present work was aimed at assessing the larvicidal efficacy of Cynodon dactylon, Moringa oleifera and Coleus amboinicus against the larvae of Aedes aegypti. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extracts of the plant material prepared by serial extraction method revealed the presence of multiple phytocompounds. Combinations of the phytoextracts were tested on the fourth instar larvae and the results were quite encouraging. Further In silico studies were done in order to determine the efficiency of the phytocompounds and to reveal the extent of interaction between the phytocompounds and larvae.Item EXTRACTION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM AGRO WASTES AND PRODUCTION OF ECO-FRIENDLY COMPOSITE BIOPLASTIC(2017-08-10T07:28:00Z) MOHAMMED, SUHAIL E V; ABHISHEK, I P; ABIN, PThe use of plastic films has increased due to its diversity and wide range of applications. Plastic is mainly used for packaging and wrapping. However, it is not easy to degrade, thus increasing the environmental problem. This has led to the development of bio-plastics to replace the oil based plastics. New active packaging strategies represent a key area of development in new multifunctional materials where the use of natural additives and/or agricultural wastes is getting increasing interest. The development of new materials, and particularly innovative biopolymer formulations, can help to address these requirements and also with other packaging functions such as: food protection and preservation, marketing and smart communication to consumers. The use of bio composites for active food packaging is one of the most studied approaches in the last years on materials in contact with food.Bioplastics with a wide range of mechanical properties were directly obtained from industrially processed edible vegetable and cereal wastes. As model systems, we present bioplastics synthesized from wastes of food from hotels, agro-wastes such as peels of various fruits and vegetables, fibers from banana stem, bagasse and plant extracts having proven antimicrobial properties. This opens up possibilities for replacing some of the non-degrading polymers with the present bioplastics obtained from agro-waste.Item EXTRACTION OF ANTICANCER COMPOUND AZURIN FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND ITS EFFECT ON ORAL CANCER CELL LINE(2017-08-10T07:22:00Z) ANU, ISMAIL; PRIYADARSHINI, TRIVEDY; SHARANYA, R; STEFFY, JOHNIt is the foundation of precision medicine that targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow, divide, and spread. Most targeted therapies help treat cancer by interfering with specific proteins that help tumors grow and spread throughout the body [1] Targeted therapy using live bacteria in the treatment of cancer were first studied nearly 150 years ago, which ultimately led to the study of immunomodulation. Earliest attempt for using bacterial preparations for the treatment of cancer dates back to the nineteen century when the regression of a malignant tumor was witnessed for the first time in a patient after a bacterial infection. This observation was made by William Coley who developed the first bacterial-based cancer treatment, which was derived from killed gram-positive bacteria Streptococci combined with gramnegative Serratia marcescens injected directly into tumors. These bacterial mixtures were known as ‘Coley's toxins (Coley, 1898). While the knowledge of immune system was limited at that time, this observation of Coley forms the basis of recent advancement of using bacteria as vaccine vectors for tumor targeted therapy in combination with immunotherapy.Item OPTIMIZATION OF BACTERIOCIN PRODUCTION USING HYBRID ANN-GA BIO-SIMULATION TOOLS(2017-08-10T06:29:29Z) AISHWARYA, RANI BR; B KRUTHIKA, PRASANNA; R, SHIVANI; SAI, RAKSHITA MOREGram positive, non-sporulating, non-motile, non-respiring bacteria which are either rod or coccus shaped and possess negative catalase activity are characterized as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) or Lactobacillales. LAB exhibits similarities in their morphological, physiological and metabolic characteristics and during the fermentation of carbohydrates produce lactic acid as the major end-product. LAHs are linked with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Their fermentative ability as well as health and nutritional benefits make them industrially important. They tolerate a lower pH range which enables them to outcompete with other bacteria in natural fermentation process, as they can survive in the increased acidity from organic acids production. Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactococccus, Enterococcus, Weisella, etc are some of the well known species of LABItem SCALE-UP STUDIES OF MICROALGAE CHLORELLA ROTUNDA FOR BIOLIPIDS (BIODIESEL) AS THIRD GENERATION BIOFUEL ALONG WITH VALUE-ADDED PRODUCT USING WASTE-FREE TECHNOLOGY(2017-08-10T06:19:19Z) SHALINI, .R; PALLAVI, .B; SWATI, JAIN; SUBHASMITA, NAYAKWorld biofuel production has increased sevenfold since 2000 but still meets only 2.3% of final liquid fuel demands. Worldwide energy consumption is projected to increase by 49% from 522 exajoules (EJ) in 2007 to 780 EJ in 2035. It is expected that two main energy resources, crude oil and natural gas, will be diminished by 45.7 and 62.8 years and estimated energy requirement will be tripled in 2025. Transportation is one of the fastest growing sectors using 27% of primary energy in current scenario and in India annual oil consumption is about 5.5% which is going to increase in the next decade. Fossil fuels make up 88% and 86.2% of the energy consumed by the world and USA. The transportation and energy sectors are the major sources in European Union (EU) responsible for more than 20% and 60% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, respectively. It is fully accepted that global warming increases in response to (GHG) emissions which reveals that there is vital need for cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. Due to continuous depletion of natural resources emerging energy crisis and increasing fuel prices demands for an alternative, scalable and sustainable energy sourceItem DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COST EFFECTIVE EQUIPMENT USING BIOFILTERS FOR THE REMOVAL OF AUTO EXHAUST GAS UTILIZING SOLAR ENERGY(2017-08-10T06:10:48Z) PAVITHRA, V G; MADHU, CHANDRA R; MOHANA, PRIYA NAir pollution occurs when harmful substances are introduced into the earth’s atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies or death in humans. It may also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops and may also damage the natural or built environment. Human activity and natural processes can both generate air pollution. At the global level, the rapid growth in motor vehicle activity has serious energy security and climate change implications. The transport sector already consumes nearly half of the world’s oil. But in urban areas – both developing and developed countries, it is predominately mobile or vehicular pollution that contributes to air quality problem. The sources of pollutants includes emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and for industrial processes, energy production, domestic cooking and heating, and high dust levels due to local construction, smoking, unpaved roads, sweeping, hotels, restaurants and long-range transport. By this the quality of air has become so poor that, Bangalore is the result of both high emissions from the vehicles and unfavorable conditions.Item IN SILICO STUDY ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SELECTED AYURVEDIC PLANTS FOR THERAPEUTIC USE ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND TOXICITY STUDIES ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER(2017-08-10T06:03:10Z) CHETHAN, G N; D V, SRIKANTH; MANOJ, R; NITHIN, SADEESHAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline, i.e., dementia. However even with it being very common no effective drug has been introduced or developed to fight against it. There are several targets in AD which has been worked on, prominent being Acetylcholine, N-methyl D-aspartate, BACE 1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) and GSK3 Beta. Ayurvedic medicine is a system of traditional medicine native to India, and ayurvedic practitioners have developed a number of medicinal preparations and surgical procedures for the treatment of various ailments. There are certain plants referred to as “nervines” that are known to have good neuroprotective properties. Various ayurvedic compounds obtained from different plants like Withania somnifera, Withania coagulans, Curcuma longa, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulur pluricaulis, Celastrus paniculatus, Tinospora cordifolia, Centella asiatica, Sida cordifolia, Terminalia chebula, Nardostachys jatamansi and Ginkgo biloba have been used to treat AD. Therefore in silico studies can be conducted to check their action against the major targets of Alzheimer’s disease. Docking studies, ADMET and Molecular simulations can be carried out using these compounds as leads against the major targets of Alzheimer’s disease. Ayurvedic medicine is always administered in form of decoctions or mixtures, however identifying the therapeutic capabilities of compounds individually would help us understand their interactions and biotransformations in mixtures better. This would in turn facilitate us in negating the side-effects caused by the decoctions or mixtures providing better strategies to develop possible drugs and efficiently eradicate the disease. Further, these in silico studies can be validated by toxicity studies to determine the mortality rate on model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster to demonstrate the efficacy of these bioactive compounds as potential drugs in a live model.Item ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF NITRATE DEGARDING BACTERIS FROM INDUSTRIALLY POLLUTED AREA (VARTHUR LAKE)(2017-08-10T05:23:19Z) LAVANYA, K A; MEGHANA, A REDDY; ROOPA, B S; SADHANA, SRapid urbanization coupled with industrialization in urban areas has greatly stressed the available water resources qualitatively and quantitatively in India.Urban areas in India lacking with the infrastructure for sanitation, leading to inappropriate management of the wastewater generated. Most of the sewage and wastewater generated is discharged directly into storm water drains that ultimately link to water bodies. Bangalore’s second largest lake which is Varthur Lake of area 180.4 hectares is polluted due to these causes leading to the contamination of the water and the formation of foam and hyacinth. The foam continues to serve as a reminder of the unchecked pollution ofVarthur lakes.40% of sewage water from industries is polluting the lake leading to the eutrophication of nitrate and other heavy metals causing various diseases in humans and cattle. By collecting the water samples from 10 different places of the lake starting from the Varthur shore up to the reservoir each at a distance of 5km in contamination free bottles. Checking for the activity of bacteria in water, which transform nitrates into beneficial forms and degrade the contaminants in the water. Different water samples containing these bacteria were cultured using nitrate media. These bacteria were characterized by biochemical tests and sequencing of the potent denitrifying bacteria was done. The bacterium which has the capability to degrade nitrate content into the byproducts like nitrites was isolated for the better use of the water. The potent nitrate degrading bacteria is cultured and optimized. A bacterium is encapsulated in the form of beads; filters are made and tested for the degradation of nitrate content and other possible compounds in lake water.Item DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROCHEMICAL AND PAPER BIOSENSOR PLATFORMS FOR DETECTION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PRESTICIDES FOR WATER ALLIED SAMPLES(2017-08-09T06:34:18Z) HARSHA, KUMARI N; HEMANTH, O; SPANDANA, VThe presence of pesticide residues and metabolites in food, water and soil currently represents one of the major issues for the environmental chemistry. Pesticides are, in fact, among the most important environmental pollutants because of their increasing use in agriculture. Among the pesticides, organophosphates and carbamates species are the most used due to their high insecticidal activity and relatively low persistence. Their toxicity is mainly due to their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, a key enzyme for the nerve transmission. Organophosphate and carbamates pesticides toxicity can vary considerably, depending on the chemical structure of the pesticide. Many methods are available for pesticide detection: chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are used as reference methods but present strong drawbacks such as complex and time-consuming treatments of the samples. Moreover, the analysis usually has to be performed in a specialized laboratory by skilled personnel and is not suitable for in-situ application. These issues turn out to be a major problem when rapid and sensitive measurements are needed in order to take the necessary corrective actions in a timely fashion. Cholinesterase-based biosensors are considered as one of the best alternatives in the context of this strategy. The simplicity and low-cost of the equipment also make possible in situ measurement of pesticide. The rapid detection of pesticides is done using the paper based AChE inhibition device, on which the sample to be tested is added. The property of direct inhibition is exploited using immobilized AChE and DTNB to produce a yellow color. The observation of a bright yellow colour on the strip gives confirmation of pesticides in the sample. The quantification of pesticides is based on the measurement of the decreased enzyme activity after exposure of the enzyme to the OP which produces a conductance which is measured in terms of voltage difference and resistance. The method is thus suitable only as a screening tool providing a rapid response and signalling the existence of contaminated samples.Item FORMULATION OF MOUTH WASH USING INCOGNIZANT HERBS(2017-08-09T06:27:35Z) ANUBHA, SAMADDER; THRUPTHI, A.A; DEVAKI, GGlycerol is a major by-product of biodiesel production which is produced in huge quantities (100 kg per ton of biodiesel; McCoy, 2006). Although biodiesel possesses potential as a renewable source of energy, which can solve the current world energy crisis, the crude glycerol by-product does not compensate for the cost of biodiesel production. One possible method to add value to crude glycerol is the selective catalytic oxidation of glycerol to fine chemicals which possess industrial value.This study explores the synthesis of metal decorated nanospheres with carbon as a support, which can act as a catalyst for the selective oxidation process. The nanospheres are heterogenous and are synthesized using low-cost and reusable transition metals such as Cobalt. Cobaltous Nitrate Hexahydrate was used as a source of Cobalt. T he preparation of the nanospheres was a simple one-pot method in which the ingredients were subjected to microwave irradiation to obtain the nanoparticles. The nanospheres were then further subjected to various methods of characterization which give an insight into the morphology and physical attributes of the nanospheres and consequently the mechanism of its action. Further, conventional oxidation tests were carried out using the nanospheres, and the nanospheres were also tested for anti-microbial activity. The particles showed promise as antifungal agents.Item MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF METAL OXIDE DECORATED CARBONSPHERES: A CATALYTIC AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY STUDY(2017-08-09T06:16:20Z) AASTHA, SAXENA; ANKITA, MITRA; BHAVANA, R; C ROSHNI, APPACHUGlycerol is a major by-product of biodiesel production which is produced in huge quantities (100 kg per ton of biodiesel; McCoy, 2006). Although biodiesel possesses potential as a renewable source of energy, which can solve the current world energy crisis, the crude glycerol by-product does not compensate for the cost of biodiesel production. One possible method to add value to crude glycerol is the selective catalytic oxidation of glycerol to fine chemicals which possess industrial value.This study explores the synthesis of metal decorated nanospheres with carbon as a support, which can act as a catalyst for the selective oxidation process. The nanospheres are heterogenous and are synthesized using low-cost and reusable transition metals such as Cobalt. Cobaltous Nitrate Hexahydrate was used as a source of Cobalt. T he preparation of the nanospheres was a simple one-pot method in which the ingredients were subjected to microwave irradiation to obtain the nanoparticles. The nanospheres were then further subjected to various methods of characterization which give an insight into the morphology and physical attributes of the nanospheres and consequently the mechanism of its action. Further, conventional oxidation tests were carried out using the nanospheres, and the nanospheres were also tested for anti-microbial activity. The particles showed promise as antifungal agents.Item DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE FOR CONSUMER FRIENDLY FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM(2017-08-09T06:11:09Z) ANANYA, R ACHAR; ROISY, VARGHESEToday’s global food sector is facing many threats such as Food spoilage, adulteration, presence of excess amount of cholesterol and sugars in processed foods, harmful chemical remnants of dish washing solutions, presence of flammable substances in hand sanitizers. These problems have increased the number of deaths related to food poisoning, chemical poisoning, food habit based disorders like CVD, Diabetes mellitus etc., Even though there is an increase in awareness regarding these issues, due to the lack of availability of simple handy detection system in the Indian market, consumers are unable to handle these issues. Hence there is a need for the development of a comprehensive kit that can give potential solution to these problems to the consumer. This project focuses on combining Science and Technology to bring out a nearly comprehensive consumer-friendly ‘Food Safety System’. This system targets the fast moving urban population in India includes simple procedures and aims at providing rapid, accurate, and easy to interpret results. It contains a TLC system to detect histamine in fish samples, Simple biochemical test to detect total sugars in processed foods, rapid TLC system to detect cholesterol in processed foods, Alcohol-free Hand Sanitizer, Chemical-free Dish wash, Herbal vegetable wash, TLC method to detect Vanaspati adulteration. All the procedures were validated using standard biochemical and microbial tests.