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Item To Study The Behaviour of The Diaphragm Wall at The Port of Le Havre and Perform Analytic Re-Calculation Using The Hypothesis of “Anchored and Embedded Wall”(2020-09-22T10:59:51Z) AISHWARYA, MANOJ; ASIWA, KATH; MARCIA, KHINGRetaining walls are structures that are designed to hold out against lateral pressure of soil or hold back soil materials whereas, a quay wall is also an earth retaining structure which are utilized for the purpose of docking large vessels and transferring of goods. In this project, we will carry out a case study on the Port of Le Havre. The quay wall in this port is anchored and embedded diaphragm wall. In such type of diaphragm wall, an anchor provides additional support to the upper part of the wall and its base is embedded in the natural ground below the excavation bottom or the original ground level. Being the largest port of France, the port needs to constantly evolve in order to be able to support more complex structures. Having particular requirements, various constraints were brought about which made it possible to develop systems such as the pre-stressed drilled rods or active rods. These tie rods were applied as part of this development project of the port of Le Havre for the docks built in land site which aimed to receive the largest container ships in the world. It is necessary to provide scope for future improvements of the port which may include expansion of the large channel to assure safe passage of traffic, doubling the Francois I lock to facilitate access to the industrial harbor zone, reorganizing the inner harbor to create a new container terminal, and enhancing reception capacity through improving logistics services, internal roads and railways, and related services. In order to cater these developments, timely study on the behavior of the wharf is conducted. A full scale experimental study was conducted on the first block, 750 meters from the Bougainville wharf. The research paper published by CETE engineers explains the study of the behavior of this wharf through the experiment carried out. However, it is difficult to represent the actual demands from a theoretical point of view as there are many variable parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out analytical recalculation. The results of the analytical method Blum’s theory, provides a rough estimation of the minimum penetration depth of the diaphragm wall, the bending moment and the forces. Another method of determining the required parameters is by the use of Prosheet software. It determines all the forces affecting the sheet pile wall. This project aims to summarize the study on the port and to suggest further developments which might help clarify understanding the design procedure.Item Morphometric Analysis of Upper Shimsha-1 Watershed, Tumkur District, Karnataka Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques(2020-09-22T10:53:15Z) D S, ASMITA; DIVYA S, KAMBALI; JENNIFER ROSE, BIJU; MANIKYA, H MGlobally the availability of fresh water is a limited resource and needs sustainable management of this resource. However, in certain area with changing water demand, there is a perceived sense of inadequate rainfall over the years and hence overall yield resulting of this precipitation. One such case is applicable for the upstream catchment (Upper Shimsha-1 watershed) of river Shimsha that originates in Tumkur district of Karnataka with changing agriculture practice and increase in population, water demand has increased that has often pushed for the need to draw water from other watersheds. Consequently, Tumkur district is fed with water drawn from river Hemavathy through human-made channels. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a known and effective tool in performing many operations like digitization, delineation of streams of a watershed and carry out a variety of spatial analysis. This tool can be efficiently used to carry out hydrological analysis and hence used for sustainable watershed management projects. Morphometric analysis is very essential and significant in all hydrological investigation for development and management of watershed. Quantitative morphometry has known to hold an important part in the hydrological processes. Watershed management is a term used to describe the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to provide betterment in the quality of water and other natural resources within any watershed by properly utilizing the available areas of the land and also water bodies in a much profitable way. Hence from previous studies it is clear that the morphometric analysis based on GIS and remote sensing technique is very useful to understand the prevailing geo-hydrological characteristics and for watershed planning and management.Item Restoration of Varthur Lake Water using SBR Method(2020-09-22T10:48:03Z) AMAAN, KHAN; RAHUL, CHAURASIA; SANCHITA, PAULThis project is a comparative study of using SBR method to restore the chemical and biological properties of Varthur Lake Water.This study helps in increasing the Dissolved Oxygen and decreasing the pH and Biological Oxygen Demand of the sample water tested. The waste water from the lake is collected using grab sampling and tested for chemical and biological properties as stated by Indian Standards book. The sample water is then allowed to sit in the Sequential Batch Reactor is tested as per specifications in. Bureau of Indian Standards laid down IS 10500 : 2012. The sample water with high pH and BOD can be rectified using activated sludge . This modified water shows a 10% decrease in pHItem Design and Analysis of Foundation for Onshore Tall Wind Turbines (Phase-2)(2020-09-22T10:43:25Z) DARSHAN, S M; JAI GANESH REDDY, P; SUMANTH, REDDYWind turbines play a vital role in producing sustainable and clean energy to fulfil the growing energy needs. Energy generated from wind turbines being more sustainable and cost effective, many countries have taken a major step to develop wind turbines with large capacity. There has been a significant reduction in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) since the 1980’s from the development of larger wind farms and from consistent performance improvements of wind turbine components. The power generation capacity of wind turbines has increased significantly over the years with the use of taller towers. When the tower height increases, the loads on the foundation increase and the foundation becomes significantly larger. The geotechnical design of foundations for taller wind turbines has also become complicated presenting unique challenges for each location. In this project, the economic advantages of using raft foundations, pile group foundations and piled-raft foundations are discussed based on the geotechnical design results and parametric studies using both analytical calculations and numerical simulations using GROUP and PLAXIS 3D software.Item Assessment of Water Quality Analysis of Varthur Lake, Bengaluru(2020-09-22T10:40:03Z) MOHAMMED, K.P; O.K., CHAND; PRASANNA KUMAR, REDDYThe role of water bodies have been realized traditionally ages ago and was used for domestic and irrigation purposes. Due to increased urbanization and unplanned development led these water bodies receiving untreated sewage. A physico-chemical analysis of sewage fed VARATHUR lakeLAKE in Bengaluruanglore was carried out and its treatment capability in terms of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal, Nutrient assimilation and Sself remediation were assessed. During the last 5 decades, increased urbanization, and unplanned development, has led to the deterioration of these water bodies by sewage ingress. These are being increasingly used for disposal of untreated sewage. This has enriched the system with nutrients leading to eutrophic status which poses a serious threat to the quality and very existence of life. The present work focuses on one of the urban water bodies in Beangaluorue, and involves characterization of the water body nutrient budgeting well as assessing the treatment capabilities in terms of BOD removal, ph, TDS, etc..Item Assessment of Solid Waste Management of Mahadevapura Zone in Bangalore City and Improvement Techniques for Waste Disposal(2020-09-22T10:32:04Z) PRATHIK, POOJARI; THANSEEH AYOOB, PK; VACHANRAJ, R; YADUL, NMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is one of the vital issues in the contemporary urban environment, more particularly in developing countries. Municipal solid waste generation consists of organic and inorganic waste materials generated by various activities of the society. Improper disposal of solid wastes can pollute all vital components of the environment (i.e., air, land and water). The Bangalore metropolitan (BBMP) area covers an area of 1258 sq km and with a population of about 9.0 million generates around 5000 MT/day of municipal solid waste (MSW) at an average of 0.27 kg/day/per capitaPresently, Bangalore city faced with the problems with such high quantities of solid waste continuously and it is planning to upgrade its management system. The major issues in Bangalore city is open dumping without a liner and without a leachate management facility. The threat of ground water pollution, as well as saturation of an existing landfill site are the most pressing problems for the city today and the basic. Developing countries usually focus on disposal of waste and the most common way is landfill. This cannot only cause decrease of average landfill life but also air pollution and global warming due to the release of CO and CH4 Latest technologies solved this issue by introducing landfill gas based micro turbines and fuel cells The major problems in MSW management at Bangalore are due to the lack of waste segregation at source, and an inefficient and informal recycling system. the treatment of MSW should be effectively safe and most importantly, it should be environmentally sound. Reduction, reuse, recycling, sorting, segregation, processing, and disposing are major steps of integrated waste management. The importance of participatory process of each sector of society to enable waste management socio economically sustainable and ultimately provide an environmentally sustainable solid waste management system. Solid waste management should be incorporated with updated technologies to tackle modern challenges in the field of municipal solid waste and This projects aims in assessing the solid waste disposal techniques in Mahadevapura zone and also provide some improvement techniques for more efficient disposal of Solid wasteItem Comparitive Study of Sewage Water Using Plant Based Natural Coagulants(2020-09-22T10:26:50Z) JAYANTH, D V; MOHAN KUMAR, HOSAMANE; NAVITH KUMAR, T S; PRADEEP REDDY, T SABSTRACT: Coagulation is the processes in water treatment systems. It is done to remove colloidal as well as suspended particles that will not settle under plain sedimentation. Usually chemical coagulants like Alum and Ferric chloride are used for this purpose. Recent studies emphasis that these chemical coagulants are associated with Neurotoxicity and other polluting effects on environments. So here we were analyzed the efficiency of some locally available plants like Moringa, Cactus, and Aloevera for its coagulation efficiency. The improvement of water quality parameters like PH, Chlorides, BOD, DO, and COD after treating with natural coagulants were also assessed. Moringa powder gave a removal efficiency of 97.5% with a dosage of 70mg/l and Cactus has 87.6% removal with 60 mg/l. Aloevera could not give an efficient result that is necessary for an independent coagulant. It could give only 67% of removal efficiency in its optimum dosage. Coagulation is highly dependent on many physio chemical parameters like initial turbidity, PH, temperature, contact time. For the complete analysis of natural coagulant as a substitute for conventional synthetic coagulants, all these factors should be considered in deep. So an optimization study was done to find the optimum condition for getting economical and efficient results from natural coagulants. Optimization study included the analysis of change in turbity removal with initial turbidity, PH, temperature, contact time. For that initial turbidity is varied artificially and it is tested for low (40 NTU), Medium (100NTU) and High (180NTU) turbidities. PH is varied between 4 and 9. A temperature range of study was 10, 20, 35, 40°c. The contact time was varied as 0.5 to 1.5 hours. Optimization study could improve the efficiency of natural coagulant to a very high extend.Item Effect of Lime and Sisal Fiber on Geotechnical Property of Black Cotton Soil(2020-09-22T10:19:30Z) CHETHAN, MK; KASHINATH, BJ; UPENDRA, M; YOGESH, JSoil stabilization has become the major issue in construction activity. Stabilization is a method of processing of locally available materials for the construction of low-cost road in the view ofdesignandconstruction.Twotypeoffiberswereutilizedin theproject:CoirandSisalfiberswith different aspect ratios were used with varying dosages of fibers of about 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively and combined with the percentage of C5,S5-C10,S10,C15,S15 and C20,S20 by dry weight of soil. Laboratory test were carried out to establish the magnitude of the strength properties of natural fiber reinforced soils. A series of compaction tests were carried out using standard proctor compaction apparatus for different combinations of soil, coir fibers and jute fiber content. For stabilized soil, the Unconfined Compressive Strength test and California Bearing Ratio test were carriedoutinaccordancewiththestandardproceduresfordifferentcombinationofsoilwithCoirand Sisal fiber individually to find out the calibration of strength to achievemaximum. Withtheincreasingofpopulationandthereductionofavailableland,moreandmoreconstructionof buildings and other civil engineering structures have to be carried out on weak or soft soil. Owing to such soil of poor shear strength and high swelling & shrinkage, a great diversity of ground improvement techniques such as soil stabilization and reinforcement are employed to improve mechanicalbehaviorofsoil,therebyenhancingthereliabilityofconstruction.Blackcottonsoilisone ofthemajorsoildepositsofIndia.Theyexhibithighswellingandshrinkingwhenexposedtochanges in moisture content and hence have been found to be most troublesome from engineering considerations.Stabilizationoccurswhenlimeisaddedtoblackcottonsoilandapozzolanicreaction takes place. The hydrated lime reacts with the clay particles and permanently transforms them into a strongcementationsmatrix.BlackcottonsoilshowinglowtomediumswellingpotentialfromRajkot Gujarat was used for determining the basic properties of the soil. Changes in various soil properties such as Liquid limit, Plastic Limit, Maximum Dry Density, Optimum Moisture Content, and California Bearing Ratio werestudied.Item Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using High Density Polyethylene(2020-09-22T10:09:01Z) PRADHUMNA, ADHIKARI; GOPAL PRASAD, YADAV; RAJU PRASAD, SAH; ROSAN KUMAR, CHAUDHARYUrbanization and development in the economy of urban communities of India have prompted the precarious increment in the structure development exercises and has required the execution of foundation activities, for example, roadways, railroads, runways, water tanks, recovery and so forth. For establishment to be solid the dirt around it assumes significant job. Far reaching soils like dark cotton soil has consistently made the issue in establishment. The issues are expanding, shrinkage and inconsistent settlement. Dark Cotton soil with high potential for growing and contracting because of progress in dampness content are one of the significant soil stores of India. Soil adjustment is a procedure which improves the physical properties of the dirt, for example, expanding in shear quality, bearing limit and so on which should be possible by the utilization of controlled compaction or expansion of appropriate blends like concrete, lime, and waste materials like fly debris, phosphogypsum and so on. The expense of presenting these added substances has additionally expanded as of late which opened the entryway broadly for different sorts of soil added substances, for example, plastic. Plastics on other hand being non decomposable issue the contamination is expanding because of abuse the plastic sacks and other plastic items. Utilization of plastic sacks, bottles and other plastic items is exponentially expanding step by step. Because of which we are confronting diverse ecological issues. Additionally plastic being effectively accessible in nature and utilization of such items in soil adjustment will help in tackling ecological issues caused because of plastic wastes.The soil being utilized is extensive dark cotton soil with High thickness poly ethylene(Hdpe). As the dirt adjustment of far reaching dark cotton soil is finished with effectively accessible and efficient material in as plastic which is additionally an issue of condition because of its decomposable nature. The material that was viewed as revile in condition may end up being shelter for structural designers if the ideal properties of settled soils are accomplished like quality and bearing limit of balanced out soil. Various substance of plastic strips (% by weight changing from 0% to 8%) are added to the Black Cotton Soil and the ideal level of plastic strips required in soil for genuine quality is to be discovered by leading California Bearing Ratio Test.Item An Experimental Study on Soil Stabilization Using Egg Shell Powder(2020-09-22T10:05:14Z) KEERTHAN, R; SHREYAS, HB; MADHAN, K; DHANESHA, VToday, more attention is given to the use of other materials, which have a higher quality of engineering than traditional and less expensive materials. Soil is one of the most important elements used in various construction activities including soil canals and dams. The fact that the soil can provide all the resistance factors required for a project illustrates the importance of the different methods used to improve soil quality. Clay soil is widely used in many construction projects. Clay soils, especially soft clay soils, have good plastic properties so that increased moisture results in a decrease in shear strength, available strength and volume change. These injuries often lead to irreparable damage to the soil, which underscores the importance of soil improvement. Considering the millions of tons of waste produced annually across the country, which not only causes waste disposal but also contributes to pollution and health risks, the use of such wastes and industrial wastes and their supporting products as alternatives can greatly contribute to the environmental conservation and the reduction of their harmful effects on the environment. In the present study, egghell powder was used as a soil mixing material so that the properties of the structural properties and shear strength characteristics were investigated to varying degrees. When the solid shear soil was already measured, it was compared to that of the test specimens mixed with egg shell powder at different rates.Item Stabilization of Geogrid Reinforced Lithomargic Soil Using Hyposludge(2020-09-22T09:59:46Z) Alisha, Priya R; Lavanya, P; Prerana Shashi, KumarLithomargic soil is very problematic soil when used as a pavement subgrade. Its strength is high in dry condition and reduction occurs with excess moisture content. The soil contains mainly quartz and kaolinite which increases expansion characteristics of the soil. It does not possess any desirable property and its behaviour is unpredictable, especially when the soil is fully saturated. Hypo sludge is an industrial waste collected from paper mill. In India disposal of hypo sludge is causing several health issues, environmental and disposal problems. Hypo sludge is used in the construction of embankments and roads. Hypo sludge acts like a clayey material when combined with weak soil, thereby improving its binding property. This study is an attempt to improve the properties of Lithomargic soil using Hypo sludge as the admixture. Geogrids are used to stabilize and improve the strength and characteristics of soil. Geogrids are commonly made of polymer materials, such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or polypropylene. Geogrids are commonly used to reinforce subsoil or subbase below roads or structures. Compared to soil, geogrids are strong in tension and thus improves the bearing capacity of soil. This experimental investigation is an attempt to study the effect of hypo sludge on index properties, compaction, and strength characteristics of Lithomargic soil. In this study we will be analysing how to stabilize the locally available weak soil subgrade, (i.e. Lithomargic clay) by varying the percentage of Hypo sludge (2%, 4%, 6% & 8%). The optimum dosage of Hypo sludge in stabilization of Lithomargic soil is be found. The CBR value of the stabilized soil with geogrid also determined.Item Improvement of Soil Stability Using Shredded Rubber Tyre(2020-09-22T09:54:15Z) ANSONY KUMAR, YADAV; PRIYA, RANJAN; OWAIS, NAZIR; AMAN, GAUTAMA major problem associated with socioeconomic development of a country is waste disposal. Use of recycled waste materials for civil engineering applications can provide an attractive way to reduce the wastes to be disposed of and it may help in improving engineering properties of soil. Safer disposal of rubber tyre waste has become a challenging job. In this study a recycled waste product crumb rubber was used as an additive with black cotton soil to analyse the effect of additive on soil properties. Statically compacted soil specimens have been prepared at optimum moisture content and maximum dry density by adding 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16% and 18% by weight of crumb rubber power to the parent soil. It has been observed that there is a decrease in maximum dry density (MDD) due to increase in percentage of crumb rubber power. Lower specific gravity of crumb rubber may have caused the decrement in MDD values. Also it was observed that due to increase in percentage of crumb rubber powder, unconfined compressive strength value of the soil increased. California bearing ratio tests were carried out on soil and crumb rubber mix to study the effect of crumb rubber in strengthening the sub grade. Results have shown increase in CBR values. Therefore it is suggested that the waste crumbed tires can be safely used in the sub grade as a soil binder which will effectively hold the soil with increased strength values. Using a non-traditional waste as a stabilizer not only affects engineering properties of soil positively, but it also helps in disposal of waste material.Item Comparitive Study on Sustainable Materials with Conventional Materials of Construction Using Project Management Tools(2020-09-22T09:47:30Z) AKHILA, J; KOUSALYA, P; PRIYA DARSHINI, B; B, YUVASHREEMaterials are the fundamental parts of structures development. The structure of reasonable structure should in this way start with the choice and utilization of eco-accommodating materials with related or preferred highlights over customary structure materials. Normally chose through practical , specialized and money related necessities .However, with maintainability as a critical issue in the most recent decades ,the structure area, straightforwardly or in a roundabout way causing an extensive part of the yearly condition weakening, can take up the commitment to add to feasible improvement by discovering all the more ecologically started techniques for development and building. The activity of items or utilization of green asset. This motivation behind feasible structure material at that point adds to decrease the effect of natural corruption, and produce sound structures which can be economical to inhabitant just as our condition. This study aims at comparison of time and cost variations between conventional construction practices and sustainable construction practices considering an on-going project. Focusing on context of the Bangalore construction industry, research aimed to identify the sustainable construction methods for each major activity in construction. To calculate the quantities of materials, labour requirement and duration for each major activity – conventional method and sustainable construction method. In construction projects there are different exercises should be arranged and checked appropriately to guarantee the consummation of the task. It includes gathering, detailing data recording data for examination. This examination manages the task checking procedure of "multi story building" which is assortment of 6 story building. Utilizing venture the board programming primavera a correlation between the arranged advances of development work and real advancement is performed. Primavera programming gives endeavor venture portfolio the executives arrangements that causes client to deal with their task, projects and assets. These projects should be overseen, arranged, sorted out, staffed, checked, controlled and assessed. The venture the executives framework, primavera is a full answer for oversee venture expertly. This paper presents a case of utilizing the primavera software for dealing with an undertaking.Item Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Polypropylene Fiber(2020-09-22T09:43:33Z) VINAY KUMAR, GUPTA; SUSHANT BIKRAM, SINGH; M., JEEVAN; AASHIK VARMA, SIn order to meet the performance requirements of concrete for various infrastructure projects, concrete mixtures have to be designed and produced using combination of different cementitious materials with water and aggregate and chemical admixtures. The lively constituent of concrete is cement paste and largely it determines the overall performance of concrete. self-compacting concrete (scc) offer several economic and technical benefits; the use of polypropylene fibre extends its possibilities. Polypropylene fibre acts as a bridge to retards their cracks propagation and improves several characteristics and properties of the concrete. Fibres are known to significantly affects the workability of concrete. An experimental have a look at on the behaviour of mechanical homes of the concrete was done which includes compressive and flexural strength. Then comparison was done for both the mixes with polypropylene fibre and conventional mix. From research paper 0.50 to 1% of fibre on total content of cement per mix. Polypropylene fibre in concrete confer some useful outcomes which include air entrainment, water reduction, plasticity, etc. on the cement paste. Also setting time acceleration / retardation can be achieved by the use of fibre and admixtures. For high Strength concrete and high performance concrete, depending on location i.e. distance of site from the plant, the retention time of the concrete plays important role. Because of retention time, the workability of concrete mix is increased as well as other properties like flow ability, setting time of concrete is enhanced. In this study, the suitability and performance of SCC by using polypropylene fiber and different brands of superplasticizers will be checked by conducting various fresh concrete tests and also a check on compressive strength will be done.Item Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt and Warm Mix Asphalt With Incorporation of Copper Slag(2020-09-22T09:39:20Z) SUSHRUTH; HARSHITH REDDY, V; LIKITH KUMAR, MConstruction of roads requires huge quantity of aggregates not only for the paving surface but also for the base course and sub base course. And there is depletion of natural resources where we are using m-sand instead of natural sand and on the other hand there are lots of waste material been dumped on the land. And these kinds of materials can utilized for the construction purposes, out of which copper slag is one such material. Copper Slag (CS) is a by-product obtained during the matte smelting and refining of copper. It is classified as waste materials and, therefore, is taken into account as an environmental issue to deal with . It can be effectively used for construction of pavement layers. On the other hand, in order to save energy and reduce the amount of pollutants that are being released in the process of asphalt production, Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology can also be employed. So this project work presents the influence of replacing fine aggregates by copper slag on the performance of warm mix asphalt and hot mix asphalt. We are incorporating copper slag in the asphalt mixes with varying percentages like 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by total weight of aggregate. And mix design for Bituminous concrete grade-2 is been performed for bitumen percent of 5%,5.25%, 5.5% and 5.75%. the specimen prepared with this mix design were evaluated for the stability and some properties. And it was observed that the maximum stability of 9.23KN and 9.1KN was achieved for OBC of 5.5% and copper slag content of 20% for HMA and WMA respectively.Item Investigation on Flexural Behaviour of Ferrocement Panels(2020-09-22T09:29:27Z) LEON, CHARLES; C PRASANNA, KUMAR; RAJATH, K R; ROSHAN, KUMAR SAHFerrocement is a cementitious thin wall based on the solid structure of reinforced cement mortar with mesh layers of wire of relatively small diameter. Mesh can be made of metal or other saturated material. It is generally suitable for thin-walled structural elements because uniform distribution and dispersion of reinforcement provide high tensile strength for optimal fracture resistance, weight ratio, ductility and impact resistance. In this project, we have studied the structural behaviour of ferrocement panel when a constant load of 10KN, 15KN and 20KN is been applied on the ferrocement panels with varying thickness of 25mm, 30mm, 35mm and 40mm and varying mesh reinforcement single, double and triple layers. In this study we came to conclusion that deflection decreases with the increase in mesh reinforcement layers for varying thickness of ferrocement panels. Ferrocement has been widely used for the past two decades and is still in its infancy. Adequate design information is discussed and sufficient investigation is obtained to enable the safe design and construction of Ferrocement structures. It can compete economically with alternative materials depends on the type and location of the application. However, innovative structures in different parts of the world clearly point to the unique and unmatched properties of this material and therefore, great potential is being explored.Item An Laboratory Study on Slag Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement(2020-09-22T09:13:14Z) PRAMOD, S; SATISH; SUNIL, KUMAR; VIRENDRAPATIL, G JThe main objective of this research is to investigate the possibility of utilizing waste steel slag in concrete production. in this project experimental investigation conducted on optimum steel slag replacement with fine aggregate. After the formation of by-product steel slag, In large amount from steel industries. This steel slag is disposed to open land area, it make land pollution and harmful to environment. It has good parameters and give enough durability to concrete and due to this it is suitable to bear heavy load. In further study fine aggregate is replaced by steel slag, and then concrete is prepared. Concrete mix prepared by varying the percentage of fine aggregate. Water cement ratio kept 0.36 concrete made with steel slag and fine aggregate replaced achieved better performance replace concrete are compared. On slump test was preformed to check durability of concrete and after then compressive strength and flexural strength was checked. Thus steel slag is appropriate substitute of fine aggregate in concrete mix for construction.Item Experimental Studies on Assessment of Strength and Water Absorption Characteristics of Soil Cement Blocks(2020-09-22T09:09:05Z) ABINAND, R; ASIF, J; SANDEEP, R; PAWAN KUMAR, GUPTAWe are going to mix cement with soil to increase the compressive strength of rammed earth blocks. During the experiment it was observed that with the increase in cement content the compressive strength of the rammed earth blocks also increased, flyash also was used in the increase in compressive strength. This paper is a review of the state of uses of clay bricks and stabilized compressed earth blocks. We offer an overview of the world general building using clay bricks or stabilized compressed earth blocks compiled from various research organizations, modern projects which have been carried out and reports from existing manufacturing of clay bricks or stabilized compressed earth blocks. Although, stabilized compressed earth blocks as construction materials are highly unknown to most people, its advantages are seen in terms of rescuing the heritage and also as rediscovered environmentally-friendly building materials.Item Experimental Study on Mycelium Bricks as Green Building Material(2020-09-21T09:33:11Z) BASAVARAJ D, BIRADAR; ANAND S, KOTNOOR; DEEPAK; VISHNU, VARDHANMany attempts are being made to use alternative building materials for the sustainable construction practice. Huge research work is being conducted to identify bio materials which can replace conventional clay bricks. In our work we have tried to introduce one such material which can also be called Sustainable bio material known as mycelium bricks. Here we tried to use vegetative part of a mushroom known as mycelium, which has capabilities of growing stronger roots or stems and repair itself under provided conditions. Mycelium has been known for its insulating or fire resisting abilities. The bio-based material is required to have properties that matched existing materials or may be more in terms of physical and mechanical characteristics with an enhanced level of biodegradability. Here we have put mycelium material in modular brick size and cease its growth after molding. The aim of our project is to create socio economic benefit by developing a 100% biodegradable resource and renewable construction material using natural resources which can be decayed back to the environment without any deterioration of plants and soil organisms which can be considered as eco-friendly. Efforts have been made to develop resources with minimal use of fossil fuel based non renewable resources which has ill impact on environment hence reducing ecological disturbances making them biologically efficient. Many industries have been exploring ways for variety of properties in mycelium to introduce in construction line, art, insulation and product design to make equally efficient to compete over non recycyclability over conventional sources and achieve promising solution and potential. To achieve mycelium material as building material with flame retardant, light weight and durability showing up as green building material.Item An Experimental Study on Effect of Water/Binder Ratio on Slag Cement Concrete(2020-09-21T09:27:48Z) S. KRANTHI, KUMAR; SHREYAS, S; TEJAS, R G; VARUN KUMAR, REDDYConcrete is a brittle material when it is subjected to heavy loads, cracks will form and to reduce this and improve high strength in concrete certain admixtures are used. To produce high strength, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is used. It is manufactured by quenching the (molten iron Slag) known as a by-product of iron and steel making from blast Furnace in water or steam. Concrete containing slag cement has a higher strength than concrete made with Portland cement. It has a higher calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) content (responsible for strength of concrete) than concrete made with Portland cement only and a reduce content of free lime which does not contribute to concrete strength, concrete made with slag cement continues to gain strength overtime, and has been shown to double its 28-day-strength over periods of 10 to 12 years. This project is a testing project and aim of this project is to determine the effects of the water-binder ratios on slag cement concrete. A number of mixtures with different water-binder ratios 0.36, 0.42. Mix design for slag cement concrete of M40 grade is performed for different densities of cement (400 kg/m3, 458 kg/m3, 500 kg/m3) specimens are prepared for M-SAND and SLAG the prepared specimens are evaluated for their strength and properties. And it is observed that by comparing the w/c ratio of 0.36 and 0.42 the strength values are more in 0.36 w/c ratio and when m-sand is replaced with slag, the strength values decreases in a minimal amount but satisfying the grade of concrete.